Glacier National Park (Kuchel 1977) and along the east front of 

 the Rocky Mountains on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District of the 

 Lewis and Clark National Forest (S. Diamond pers. comm. 1990) . 

 As additional distributional surveys occur, a more complete 

 understanding of the range will be established. 



Migration 



Like many migratory species, harlequins seasonally inhabit 

 distinctly different areas. During the nonbreeding season, 

 anywhere from July to April, the ducks congregate in secluded 

 waters off the coast. It is during this time that pair bonding 

 most likely occurs (Kuchel 1977, Bengston 1972, Wallen 1987). 



During the spring harlequins migrate inland to breed and 

 raise their young. Nonbreeding and unmated ducks also migrate 

 inland to breeding grounds. Migration modes are speculative at 

 this time, with proposed theories ranging from pure flight inland 

 to swimming of the river systems similar to androgomous fish 

 (Bengston 1966, Kuchel 1977). The number of hydropower dams and 

 the frequency of sightings of harlequins on ponds, lakes and 

 other water systems suggests that migration is oriented more to 

 flight than swimming. 



Harlequins generally arrive at nesting streams during April 

 and May (Wallen and Groves 1989, Wallen 1987, Kuchel 1977, Miller 

 1988 and 1989). Mated males stay for 4-6 weeks, generally 

 leaving to return to coastal grounds just prior to the initiation 

 of incubation (Wallen 1987, Kuchel 1977). Bachelor males appear 



