loafing areas, hiding cover, brood rearing habitat - We 

 reviewed literature to determine the kinds of harlequin duck 

 loafing areas, hiding cover and brood rearing habitat encountered 

 (Cassirer 1989, Dzinbal 1982, Kerr 1989, Kuchel 1977, Miller 

 1989, Wallen 1987, Wallen and Groves 1988, 1989). We considered 

 loafing areas to primarily include gravel bars, instream rocks, 

 and logs. We determined hiding cover to be overhanging shrubs, 

 debris piles, rocks larger than harlequin ducks or any other 

 objects that would reasonable provide hiding cover. We 

 considered areas that provided dense cover and slow water to be 

 brood rearing areas, such as side channels and beaver pond areas. 

 We subjectively rated occurrence of these components as Low 

 (rare) , Medium (common or present) or High (frequent) . 



food base - We evaluated food base primarily on occurrence 

 of stone and caddisflies. If we easily observed the insects we 

 considered food source to be common. If we experienced 

 difficulty in finding the insects we determined food source to be 

 low. 



disturbance or potential threat - We recorded person caused 

 disturbances that we felt does or could disturb or threaten 

 quality of habitat. We noted activities such as high use 

 recreation spots along rivers, proposed timber cutting units 

 along riparian areas or stream sides, and heavy cattle grazing. 



stream gradient - Using topographical maps (2.64 in/mi 

 scale) we calculated stream gradient by determining percent 

 elevation gain to distance traveled. 



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