closer examination of site specific habitat use is needed. 

 Surveys to monitor population trends and habitat condition also 

 is needed. As we learn more about the harlequin duck in Montana, 

 our lack of knowledge once when it leaves the state becomes more 

 apparent. Research is needed to examine harlequins' migratory 

 methods and routes, and to determine the use and condition of 

 coastal habitats. Migratory species pose a special challenge for 

 managers. A cooperative effort between the Pacific Northwest 

 states and British Columbia would be beneficial in developing an 

 integrated mangement plan for the harlequin duck. 



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