INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANy. 



389 





ZwnZ'ortei.— Excipulum carbonaceous ; ai^erture 

 irregular. 



Trypethelici. — Excipula immersed in distinct pus- 

 tules ; nucleus deliquescent. 



Verrucariei. — Excipula scattered, carbonaceous ; 

 aperture punctiform ; tliallus crus- 

 taceous. 



Endocarpei. — Excipulum simple or double, at length 

 ostiolate ; thallus horizontal. 



Sphcerophorei. — Excipulum at length ruptured 

 above ; thallus vertical, fruticulose. 



Lich inei. — G elatinous. 



Caliciei. — Disc at length pulverulent. 



Glyphidei. — Disc iiregular, coloured, at length ex- 

 posed, immersed in warts of the 

 thallus. 



Graphidei. — Disc elongated, simple or branched, 

 with or without a proper excipulum. 



Pyxinei. — Disc orbicular ; excipulum adnate to the 

 horizontal foliaceous thallus. 



Coccocarpei.— 'DisQ rounded, without any excipulum. 



Collemacoi.—Thsi\\-a& gelatinous. 



Lecidinei. — Disc naked from the beginning ; exci- 

 pulum present ; thallus various. 



Parmeliacei. — Disc orbicular, surrounded by the 

 thallus. 



a. Peltigeri. — Disc at first veiled, bordered b}'' the 



thallus ; thallus foliaceous. 



b. Eitparmeliacei. — Disc at first closed, bordered by 



the horizontal centrifugal thallus. 



c. Usneacei. — Disc at first naked ; thallus for the 



most part vertical, without hj^^o- 

 thallus. 



I. Angiocarpei, Schrad. 



Apothecia closed, at length dispersing their sporidia by 

 means of an irregular fissure or minute ostiolum ; nucleus firm 

 or deliquescent. 



428. It is very doubtfid, as said above, if any Lichens are 

 truly sporophorous in their most perfect state. There may be 

 sporiform fruit in addition to the sporidiiform ; and if the 

 bodies which occur occasionally on the tips of the asci be 



