12 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COMMON CRAYFISH. 



having a common English name for it akeady, shoukl 

 naturalists call it by another appellation derived from a 

 foreign tongue ? 



The origin of the common name, " crayfish," involves 

 some curious questions of etymology, and indeed, of his- 

 tory. It might readily be supposed that the word "cray" 

 had a meaning of its own, and qualified the substantive 

 "fish"— as "jelly" and "cod" in "jellyfish" and "codfish." 

 But this certainly is not the case. The old -English 

 method of writing the word was " crevis " or " crevice," 

 and the "cray" is simply a phonetic spelling of the syl- 

 lable "ere," in which the "e" was formerly pronounced 

 as all the world, except ourselves, now pronounce that 

 vowel. AVhile " fish " is the " vis " insensibly modified 

 to suit our knowledge of the thing as an aquatic 

 animal. 



Now " crevis " is clearly one of two things. Either it 

 is a modification of the French name " ecrevisse," or of 

 the Low Dutch name " crevik," by which the crayfish is 

 known in these languages. The former derivation is that 

 usually given, and, if it be correct, we must refer "cray- 

 fish" to the same category as "mutton," "beef," and 

 " pork," all of which are French equivalents, introduced 

 by the Normans, for the " sheep's flesh," "ox flesh," and 

 " swine's flesh," of their English subjects. In this case, 

 we should not have called a crayfish, a crayfish, excejit 

 for the Norman conquest. 



On the other hand, if " crevik" is the source of our 



