160 HOOT MATTERS IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. 



(2.) Division of labour — each division carefully appor* 

 tioned in relation to the probable amount of 

 different satisfactions required ; and each, labourer 

 in every division carefully trained in that branch 

 of work to which he has been apportioned. 



(3.) The creation and maintenance of instruments which 



best supplement man's efforts in modifying and 



distributing the products derived from natural 



sources, and so enabling each unit to enjoy the 



maximum of desirable satisfaction with that 



minimum of exertion which is most conducive to 



the health and happiness of the individual. 



Now, if it were possible to find such a combination of 



favourable conditions, wherein all the wants of man could be 



completely met, it follows that interchange with other 



countries, so far as material needs are concerned, would not 



only be unnecessary, but disadvantageous. 



It is true, on moral grounds, a nation enjoying the 

 maximum of satisfactions with a minimum of exertion or 

 maximum of ease, might either reduce the amount of satis- 

 factions or increase its exertions for purposes of benevolence 

 as directed towards a country less favourably situated; but 

 there would be no such necessity on commercial grounds as 

 laid down by the earlier economists, except upon the plea 

 that we should buy in the cheapest market. But this last 

 plea, the favourite maxim of Free Trade theorists, ignores, 

 many consequences of the most vital importance. 



First, the ideal state contemplated had already discovered 

 and achieved that final state of content or end to which a 

 people can aspire to — that is, a maximum of desirable satis- 

 factions combined with a minimum of reasonable exertion.. 

 This being so, why should they attempt to procure this end 

 by another method untried by them, seeing that they could 

 not improve their condition in this way, but might make it 

 worse. But as this plea must be discussed, let us see under 

 such circumstances what it might lead to. 



Buy IN THE Cheapest Market. 



In our ideally perfect state, let us for convenient reference- 

 call it "Euphrasia." One of the fundamental conditions 

 regulating its well-being is, that all for each is considered of 

 as great if not greater importance as each for all. 



The favourable natural conditions were experienced to be 

 such that the round of wants of all might be satisfactorily 

 supplied without demanding from any one group of its divisions 

 of labour more than 44 hours of public labour per week. But 

 it was also carefully determined that although a certain 

 aggregate of labour when properly directed would affect this 



