8CIEJSrCE. 



[Vol. IX., No. 205 



At the request of Emin Bey, Dr. Junker with 

 a small caravan left Wadelai for Cairo for the 

 purpose of obtaining aid. Cut off from all com- 

 munication down the Nile, he was compelled to 

 proceed to Cairo via Zanzibar and the Indian 

 Ocean. His route was south through Unyoro and 

 Uganda to Lake Victoria, from there round 

 the western shore of the lake to the English mis- 

 sion, and then east to Zanzibar. Kabrega, the 

 ruler of Unyoro, has befriended Emin Bey, sup- 

 plying him with food and stores. Moranga, the 

 chief of Uganda, is hostile to Europeans, and may 

 be remembered as the murderer of Bishop Hann- 

 ington only a year ago. When Moranga heard that 

 Kabrega had assisted Emin Bey, and had received 

 Dr. Junker as his friend, he niarched against 

 Kabrega, and defeated him. Dr. Junker with 

 great difficulty escaped, and reached the English 

 mission of Msalla. 



On the 8th of October a letter was received 

 from Dr. Junker, dated at Msalla, Aug. 10, 

 in which he pleads for deliverance for Kabrega, 

 succor for Emin Bey, and the reconquest of the 

 Soudan. If Kabrega is not delivered and the 

 Soudan reconquered, the prestige of Europe in 

 central Africa, will, he says, be lost ; and if Emin 

 Bey falls, it will be to the eternal shame of Egypt 

 and England. These are the objects of his mission 

 to Europe. He signs his letter, " Your affectionate 

 friend, disparu et enfin retrouve." 



As it took Dr. Junker more than six months 

 to reach the English mission, a distance of only 

 three hundred and fifty miles, he must have had 

 much difficulty in passing through Uganda. He 

 left the mission as soon as his caravan was ready, 

 and reached Zanzibar the 30th of December, 

 and expected to arrive at Cairo on the 10th of 

 January, 1887. Thus far, no attempts have been 

 made, either by the English government or the 

 khedive, to relieve Emin Bey ; but an expedition 

 under Dr. Fischer, a German naturalist who had 

 spent many years on the coast, was sent out by 

 geological societies of Germany, aided by the 

 German government. It started from Pangani, 

 on the eastern coast of Africa, about fifty or sixty 

 miles north of Zanzibar, in August, 1885. It 

 reached Victoria Nyanza, but, being unable to 

 px'oceed any farther, returned to Zanzibar last 

 June. 



In the early part of the present year. Dr. 

 Oscar Lenz was sent out by the Austrian govern- 

 ment to try to reach Emin Bey by the western 

 coast of Africa. He steamed up the river Kongo 

 to Stanley Falls, and left there on the 4th of April, 

 intending to sail up the Kongo to Nyangwe, 

 where Stanley launched his boat in 1877 on his 

 expedition across the Dark Continent. From there 



Dr. Lenz hoped to cross to Lake Tanganyika, 

 thence by Lake Muta Nziga and the Albert 

 Nyanza to Wadelai. This part of Africa is occu- 

 pied by Mohammedans, traders in slaves and 

 ivory, who bitterly oppose all explorations that 

 might interfere with the slave-trade. They 

 have recently seized the station of the Kongo 

 Free State at Stanley Falls, and driven the 

 Europeans down the river. It is therefore doubt- 

 ful whether Dr. Lenz will succeed in passing 

 through this country. 



Dr. Joseph Thomson, an Englishman who has 

 spent several years in eastern equatorial Africa, 

 and who commanded the Royal geographical so- 

 ciety's expedition through Massai Land to Lake 

 Victoria during 1883 and 1884, offers to head 

 a party to relieve Emin Bey. He proposes to start 

 from Mombassa (a port on the Indian Ocean, 4° 

 north latitude, and 130 miles north of Zanzibar), 

 passing north of Kilimanjaro (a high mountain 

 covered with eternal snows, which Dr. Thomson 

 vainly attempted to ascend, but which has been re- 

 cently ascended by Mr. H. H. Johnston), through 

 the country of the Massai to Kwa Sundu, on the 

 north-eastern shore of Lake Victoria, thence 

 through Uganda to Wadelai. 



Though this route is north of the one taken by 

 Dr. Fischer, yet the general character of the coun- 

 try is the same, and it is inhabited by the tribes 

 of the Massai, a most warlike race. Dr. Thomson 

 succeeded in crossing this territory in 1883, but 

 the people are now more hostile to Europeans, 

 exacting heavier tolls and higher prices for pro- 

 visions, and frequently robbing and murdering 

 travellers who attempt to pass through. To show 

 the great change in the treatment of Euro- 

 peans by the negroes, it is only necessary to con- 

 trast the account given by Mr. Stanley of Uganda 

 in 1875 and that given by the London Times of 

 December, 1886. Mr. Stanley says, "From the 

 time the voyager touches Uganda ground, he is 

 as safe and free from care as though he were in 

 the most civilized state in Europe. He and his 

 are in the hands of Mtesa, emperor of Uganda." 

 The London Times says Munga, king of Ugan- 

 da, " dares to torture and massacre the converts 

 of its missionaries, and an English bishop, with- 

 out fear or even reproach." 



Travelling in central Africa is made by very 

 slow stages. Dr. Thomson did not reach Lake 

 Victoria until one year after his arrival at Zanzi- 

 bar, and then he had travelled only two-thirds of 

 the way to Wadelai, and that the least difficult 

 part. 



It is understood that Stanley has been sum- 

 moned to Europe to take command of an expedi- 

 tion fitted out by the Egyptian government, un- 



