282 



scmj^cjEj. 



[Vol. IX., No. 215 



represented by adding together the properties of 

 oxygen and hydrogen. Suppose, then, that the 

 assumed combination of material and ideal in God 

 give a new set of properties : are they given 

 recognition in this treatment by partition ? We 

 are not impugning in any way Professor Alexan- 

 der's conclusion, but simply stating some objec- 

 tions that have occurred to us as to his method of 

 reaching it. 



The concluding chapter, on the ' Doctrine of 

 cause and effect,' is both the longest and most 

 finished in the book. It is a concise and admira- 

 ble summary of the historical aspect of the doc- 

 trine of causation from the pre-Socratic philoso- 

 phers to Mill and Spencer, and a profoundly sug- 

 gestive indication of the true theory of cause and 

 effect. All of Professor Alexander's work is 

 thoroughly well done, and we regret to see that 

 not a few typographical errors have crept into an 

 otherwise model piece of book-making. We trust 

 that the book will have a wide circulation, for it 

 will be found an excellent mental tonic as well as 

 an emphatic protest against the philosophical 

 dilettantism now so current. N. M. B. 



A NEW EDITION OF JUVENAL. 



An edition of Juvenal that should be sufficiently 

 practical for the college class-room, while embody- 

 ing the latest results of classical research and 

 criticism, has for several years been greatly 

 needed. It is therefore with interest that one 

 turns to the present work in the hope of finding 

 a happy medium between the too fine-spun com- 

 mentary of Simcox and the too rudimentary 

 treatment adopted by Hardy, 



Apart from the typography, the book is a dis- 

 appointment. The notes contain nothing what- 

 ever that is new, being too evidently condensed 

 and simplified from Mayor, and are so desultory 

 and ill-assorted as not even to deserve credit for 

 judicious selection and arrangement. Moreover, 

 real difficulties, both of syntax and exegesis, are 

 passed over, while an inordinate amount of space 

 is given to the elucidation of matters that ought 

 to be familiar to any intelligent school-boy. How 

 meagre are the grammatical notes, may be seen 

 from the fact that on the 171 lines of the first 

 satire there are but two ; on the 323 lines of the 

 seventh, with its fourteen pages of commentary, 

 there are but two ; and on the 365 lines of the 

 tenth there is only one. When the editors do 

 venture to elucidate some syntactical peculiarity, 

 it is always one that would seem to need no com- 



Thirteen satires of Juvenal: with introduction and notes. 

 By C. H. Pearson, M.A., and Herbert A. Strong. M.A., 

 LL.D. Oxford, Clarendon pr. 12°. 



ment whatsoever : as, for instance, the vivid use 

 of the imperfect subjunctive in vii. 69, 70 ; or 

 the by no means extraordinary employment of 

 the indicative in x. 123 ; while peculiarities like 

 the metrical quis in xii. 48, and the implied id 

 from ne in xvi. 9, are still untouched. But, on the 

 other hand, there is a superabundance of com- 

 mentary like the following on xvi. 14 : — 

 " Grandes magna ad subsellia : the bench had to 

 be ponderous to support its huge occupant." 



An important feature of this edition is the pro- 

 fessedly idiomatic translations sprinkled through 

 every page. These are not intended to be para- 

 phrases, for they are enclosed in quotation-marks ; 

 and, besides, a paraphrase is elsewhere ptrefixed 

 to each satire. One instance of this extraordinary 

 rendering will probably suffice. Satire vii. 36 is 

 translated, "Now hear the rich man's tricks. To 

 avoid subscribing to you, he poses as a fellow- 

 poet, and trusts to the maxim that ' dog does not 

 eat dog.' " 



The editors have very commendably refrained 

 from the absurd expurgation that disfigures so 

 many college editions of Juvenal. Excessive ex- 

 purgation only excites prurient curiosity ; while 

 it so emasculates the author as to make it quite 

 impossible for the reader to claim any real acqaint- 

 ance with Juvenal as he is, or to understand the 

 bitterness and the motive of his saeva indignatio, 

 from the perusal of these fragments of the scat- 

 tered poet. 



The introductions, the summary of a paper by 

 Professor Nettleship, and a brief account of the 

 Codex Pithoeanus, are interesting ; but why dis- 

 cuss the Codex Pithoeanus in a work of so ele- 

 mentary a character as this last edition of Rome's 

 greatest satirist? H. T. Peck. 



EDWARDS'S DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS. 



A NEW text-book on the differential calculus 

 comes from the press of Macmillan & Co. It re- 

 sembles, in size and appearance, the well-known 

 works of Todhunter and Williamson. An ex- 

 ceedingly satisfactory introductory treatment is 

 secured by a close adherence to one point of view, 

 that of limiting ratios. The symbols dy and doc 

 are not used apart, nor the meaning of such a use 

 explained, until the formulas of partial differentia- 

 tion in chapter vi. prevent any further postpone- 

 ment. In this way, however, there is lost the 

 advantage of exhibiting the variety of original 

 conception and breadth of foundation distinguish- 

 ing this branch of mathematics, — an advantage. 



Differential calculus, with applications and numerous ex- 

 amples. By Joseph Edwards, M.A. New York, Macmil- 

 lan. 8°. 



