520 



SCIENCE. 



LVoL. IX., No. 225 



they are under the influence of Zuhi-like tribes. 

 Between Lake Nyassa and the Rovuma we find 

 the Wahiyao, and on the plateaus west of the lake 

 the Maviti, both warlike tribes closely related to 

 the Matabele and Zulu. About 1840 the Watuta, 

 who were a sub-tribe of the Maviti, separated 

 from the main body on a jjredatory excursion 

 which extended far north. They came to Urori, 

 and after a war of five months with the strong 

 and warlike tribe of that country, the Warori, 

 being unable to subdue them, went north-west, 

 and made war upon the inhabitants of Ujiji. 

 Thence they turned north-east, fought with the 

 Wahua and Warundi, and reached the Victoria 

 Nyanza, where they remained for several years. 

 They did not settle permanently, but returned to 



The position of Europeans in the equatorial 

 province has become very difiScult through the 

 hostility of the king of Uganda. While Mtesa, 

 the last king, was friendly to the Europeans, his 

 successor, Mwanga, has prevented them from pass- 

 ing his land, and the death of Bishop Hannington 

 is due to him. At the present time he keeps 

 Emin Pasha and his companions from Zanzibar, 

 and his attitude compelled Stanley to take the 

 Kongo route. A brief account of this region, 

 which is so frequently mentioned in reports from 

 Africa, may be of interest. 



Formerly the large empire Kitara occupied the 

 whole region between the Victoria Nyanza and 

 Mvutan Nsige. In course of time it had the same 

 fate as most other African states : it was divided 





-_^;^^^p 



AUDIENCE-HALL OF KING MTESA (according to Stanley). 



Usambara and Ugomba, where Mirambo founded 

 the empire which has so frequently been described 

 by European travellers. The development of this 

 tribe to a powerful kingdom is characteristic of 

 the unsteadiness of African states, the existence 

 of which greatly depends on the personality of 

 the chief. 



In north-eastern Central Africa we find the 

 Galla, Massai, and Wahuma. These are warlike 

 tribes of herdsmen who have subdued the agricul- 

 tural tribes which formerly possessed these dis- 

 tricts. The Galla states are remarkable for the 

 democratic character of their constitution. The 

 chiefs are elected for eight years, and their power 

 is limited by a council. They have no residence, 

 but must continuously travel from one village of 

 the tribe to the other to settle dis^iutes and per- 

 form other duties belonging to the oflflce. 



into several smaller kingdoms, but every one of 

 these is still powerful. Uganda, Unyoro, Karagwe, 

 and Usinja are fragments of the old empire. The 

 inhabitants of the land belong to two different 

 races,— the agricultural Waganda, and the Wa- 

 huma, who are herdsmen. The royal family be- 

 longs to the Wahuma, who keep apart from the 

 Waganda, have a language of their own, and live 

 in separate villages. The Waganda are chocolate- 

 colored, and have short woolly hair. The Wahuma 

 are of a far lighter complexion. They have 

 straight noses, thin lips, and large lustrous eyes. 

 The traditions of the Wahuma refer to their im- 

 migi-ation from the north, and their anthropo- 

 logical features agree with this statement, they 

 being very similar to the Galla. 



The power of Uganda is principally due to its 

 military organization. The population consists 



