June 17, 1887.] 



SCIJEJSrCE. 



581 



cases where the milk used was from cows the 

 health of which had undergone some deterioration 

 from the diet referred to. 



[J. L. Hamilton, M.D., Peoria, 111.] 

 Since our dairies have been removed to the 

 country, and the cows fed on other food, and 

 some slop still used, the effect of the still-slop is 

 not noticed. Of course, there are other things 

 as well as the slop. When cows are kept up in 

 barns, and fed only on still-slop, the air they 

 breathe is very impure, and they will drink but 

 little water and have no exercise. This contributes 

 to the unhealthiness of dairy milk. 



[C. A. EOHILLARD, M.D.] 



Knowing that this matter is extensively used 

 in some parts for fattening purposes, and that 

 healthy beef is brought to the market as a result 

 of this mode of feeding, I would incline to the 

 belief that the milk from cows so fed is all right. I 

 am not prepared, however, to state positively that 

 it should be so under all circumstances. 



[James E. Reeves, M.D., Wheeling, W.Va., formerly secre- 

 tary state board of health.] 



My observation, from the stand-point of the 

 general practitioner of medicine, fully warrants 

 the belief that the milk of town-fed cows — feed- 

 ing on slops, garbage, and brewery refuse — is 

 dangerous to the public health. 



[Henry D. Holton, M.D., Brattlehorough, Vt.] 

 Here in Vermont we do not have any thing of 

 the kind ; yet we are well aware that the food of 

 the cow has much to do with the quality of the 

 milk and butter. In summer, dairymen know 

 from experience and observation that there is a 

 great difference in the pastures. When cows are 

 in some pastures, the milk, and especially the but- 

 ter, is much better than when in others. Many 

 people can tell butter made when the cows are 

 fed on cottonseed-meal instead of corn-meal. It 

 is also true that the milk of cows who ai'e worried 

 or frightened will sour much quicker than when 

 not so worried. Infants fed with the milk of 

 cows worried or heated by running (as is some- 

 times done by boys in bringing them from the 

 pasture) will suffer from colic, and often from 

 diarrhoea. There is no doubt in my mind that 

 swill from distilleries would produce a very poor 

 quality of milk. 



[D. L. Phares, M.D., member of state board of health, Agri- 

 cultural college P.O., Miss.] 



That it is unwholesome. In small quantity, 

 combined with plenty of good, sound normal cow- 

 food, it may do no serious injury ; but in any con- 

 siderable quantity it is, in my opinion, unwhole- 

 some. The nature and condition of the substance 



seem to me to justify this opinion. True, it may 

 for a time seem to improve the condition of the 

 cow, but even then the physiologist and patholo- 

 gist can detect evidences of damage. 



[G. A. LiEBiG, Baltimore, Md.] 

 I would unhesitatingly prefer other than milk 

 from cows so fed, not only for the reason of 

 character of food, but also for the manner of 

 treatment of the animals, — housing, etc. 



[R. Harvey Eeed, secretary Ohio state board of health.] 

 I think distillery swill is very objectionable 

 food. 



[L. M. Kenyon, M.D. Buffalo, N.Y.] 

 I think, from what I have read from time to 

 time, and know from what little I have seen, 

 that it is most decidedly detrimental, although I 

 can now give no detail, or specially individual 

 cases. 



[J. F. Kennedy, M.D., secretary Iowa state board of health, 

 Des Moines, lo.] 



Upon general principles, I should consider such 

 food as injurious to the cows, and hence produc- 

 tive of milk injurious to those using it, especially 

 to children largely dependent upon it. 



[F. N. BOKER, sanitary engineer, Montreal, Can.] 



Decidedly unwholesome. It soon acquires a 

 rotten flavor, and is deceptive as to nourishment. 

 During our long Canadian winter in Montreal, a 

 good deal of swill is given to milch-cows to in- 

 crease the flow of milk ; and, as the mortality 

 among young children is very great in this city, I 

 attribute it to the poor quality of the milk, etc. 



[To be continued.'] 



EXPLORATION AND TRAVEL. 



Lieutenant Wissmann's expedition. 



In Science of April 22 we referred to Lieutenant 

 Wissmann's trip from Luluaburg to the Lubilash. 

 A letter from Wissmann which was published in 

 the Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur ErdJcunde, 

 April, 1887, contains the following interesting de- 

 tails. He ascended the Lulua as far as Katende 

 (the situation of which may be seen on our map 

 of Central Africa). Here he visited the grand 

 Lulumba Falls, which are the termination of the 

 navigable part of the Lulua. He had some diffi- 

 culty in crossing the river, on account of the hos- 

 tility of the natives. He proceeded eastward, and, 

 after crossing the river Moio on a bridge, reached 

 Tenda-Mota. Here is the boundary between the 

 Bashilange and Bagna-Kalosh , who belong to the 

 Baluba. The Kalosh and their eastern neighbors 

 live in small villages of from four to ten houses, 

 which are surrounded by fields in which they 



