178 BIRDS OF OHIO. 



347.' (652.) Dendroica estiva (Gmel). 39. 

 Yellow Warbler. 



Synonyms: Dendroeca gestiva, Sylvicola eestiva, Sylvia 

 sestiva, Motacilla aestiva. 

 Summer Warbler, Summer Yellowbird, Blue-eyed Yellow 

 Warbler, Golden Warbler, Yellow-bird, Yellow-poll Warbler, 

 Wild Canary. 



Kirtland, Ohio Geol. Surv., 1838, 163, 182. 



This well-known warbler is our commonest summer warb- 

 ler in all parts of the state. It has the capacity of accommo- 

 dating itself to almost any conditions, seeming as much at 

 home in the orchard or ornamental trees as in its primitive 

 briar tangle in some drying swamp. Its nest may be within 

 a few feet of the ground or in the tree-tops if necessary. As 

 an inhabitant of the orchards it is kept busy with the insect 

 pests which make the life of the fruit-grower miserable. 

 Here it is a great aid in keeping in check fruit destroying 

 insects. 



The Yellow Warbler is among the earlier warblers to ap- 

 pear in spring, reaching our southern border before the 20th 

 of April, or even during the first week of April, in favorable 

 years. It is usually found at Oberlin about the 22 d of 

 April, often earlier. The departure in the autumn is not so 

 easy to trace. , I have found them in Oberlin as late as Sep- 

 tember 7. It is likely that individuals remain much later 

 but the majority have gone before the first of September. 



348. (654.) Dendroica c^rulescens (Gmel.). 40. 

 Black-throated Blue Warbler. 



Synonyms: Dendroeca cserulescens, Sylvia canadensis, Sylvico- 

 la canadensis, Dendroica canadensis, Motacilla canaden- 

 sis, M. cserulescens. 

 Canadian Warbler, Pine Swamp Warbler. 

 Kirtland, Ohio Geol. Surv., 1838, 163, 182. 



This is one of the fairly common migrants, passing en- 

 tirely across the state twice each year. It is as often seen 

 in parks and along shaded streets in spring as in the woods, 

 but seems to avoid human habitations on its return journey. 

 It is an inhabitant of the lower stories of the woods, even 



