72 BIG SPRING PRAIRIE. 



(Swamp White Oak); Acer rubrum (Red Maple); and 

 Fraxinus sp? (Ash.) 



The diameters of some of the larger trees were as 



follows: 



White Oak, 32 inches; White Oak, 42 inches; Cot- 

 tonwood, 38 inches; American Elm, 41 inches, and 

 American Elm, 55 inches. 



Thus, the size of the trees corroborate the testi- 

 mony of the pioneers in regard to the wooded condition 

 of this area in 1 832. 



On the simple dunes, about the same species occur 

 that are found on the dune complex, but the Populus 

 deltoides (Cottonwood) is more abundant as is evident 

 from an inspection of fig. 15, which represents a por- 

 tion of West Dune, the white-barked trees from the 

 middle to the left of picture being cottonwoods. 



As proof of the more recent formation of West 

 Dune, we submit the following diameters of trees: 



Populus deltoides (Cottonwood) 24 inches; Quercus 

 alba (White Oak) 18 inches; Prunus serotina (Wild Red 

 Cherry) 15 inches; and Ulmus americana (American 

 Elm) 32 inches. The trees of North Dune are as a rule 

 larger than those on West Dune and not as large as 

 those on the dune complex. Between the two single 

 trees there occurs a solitary Quercus rubra (Red Oak) 

 56 inches in diameter. All of these dunes are charac- 

 terized by a regular jungle of shrubby plants. On the 

 Miniature Dune Complex the principal shrubs are 

 Crataegus (several species) (Hawthorns); Cornus stolo- 

 nifera (Red Osier); Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac); Ru- 

 bus villosus (Common Blackberry); Rubus occidentalis 

 (Black Raspberry); Corylus americanus (Hazelnut); 

 Euonymus atropurpureus (Wahoo, Burning Bush); 

 Euonymus obovatus (Running Strawberry Bush); Vi- 

 tis (sp?) (Wild Grape); Smilax herbacea (Carrion flow- 

 er); Smilax hispida (Hispid Greenbrier); Celastrus 

 scandens (Climbing Bittersweet); Parthenocissus quin- 



