Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 137 



21, Castanea Adaiis. Chestnut. 



Trees or shrubs, the leaves mostly 2-ranked with straight and 

 parallel lateral veins. Fruit a rounded coriaceous nut, several in 

 a globose, mostly 4-valved, very spiny involucre. 



1 . Leaves green on both sides ; large trees. C. dentata. 

 1 . Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath ; shrubs or small trees. C. 

 pumila. 



1. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. A 

 large tree of very rapid growth with rough bark in longitudinal 

 ridges. Nut sweet and edible. Wood soft, light, and coarse- 

 grained ; used for cabinet-work, railway ties, posts, cooperage, 

 "acid wood," and telegraph poles. Sprouts freely from stumps. 

 In rich or gravelly soil. Me. to Mich., Ga., Ala., and Ohio. 



2. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. A shrub or 

 small tree. Nut very sweet. Wood much like in C. dentata. In 

 dry soil. N. J. to Ind., Fla., and Tex. 



22. Quercus L. Oak. 



Trees or shrubs with the flowers in aments, monoecious. 

 Pith 5-angled ; buds clustered at the tip of the twigs. Fruit a 

 i-seeded corraceous nut (acorn) in an involucrate cup. 



1. Leaves with bristle-tips; acorns maturing in the autumn of the 

 second year. 2. 



1. Leaves not bristle-tipped; acorns maturing the first year. 12. 



2. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. 3. 



2. Leaves 3-5 lobed above the middle, or entire, obovate or spatulate 

 in outline. 10. 



2. Leaves entire, oblong, linear-oblong or lanceolate. 11. 



3. Leaves green on both sides. 4. 



3. Leaves white or gray-tomentose below. 8. 



4. Cup of the acorn shallow, saucer-shaped, much broader than deep. 



5. 



4. Cup of the acorn top-shaped or hemispheric. 6. 



5. Leaves dull; cup ^-1 in. broad; acorn ovoid. Q. rubra. 



5. Leaves shining; cup }-^- in. broad; acorn subglobose or short-ovoid. 



Q. palustris. 

 5. Leaves shining; cup J-| in. broad; acorn ovoid. Q. schneckii. 



