An Ecological Study of Buckeye Lake. 95 



western Pennsylvania, it is a conspicuous member of the ground 

 cover in the Heath zone. 



Immediately north west of Sphagnum bog Island No. 2 is 

 a somewhat smaller island which is a replica of the bog-meadow 

 of Cranberry Island No. i. In the center is a sphagnum-cranberry 

 meadow and this is surrounded by a fringe of bog shrubs and 

 trees. To this I have given the name Cranberry Island No. 2. 

 This island and Sphagnum bog No. 2 are shown as Bog Islands 

 on map Plate III, Fig. 4. 



During the winter of 1911-12 a portion of the long southern 

 lobe of Cranberry Island was dislodged and carried to the south 

 side of the lake, where it now lies in several fragments near 

 Custer's Point. This is the portion which was cleared of trees 

 and shrubs two winters ago. 



Of the many islands in the lake, but few besides the Cran- 

 berry bog Islands i and 2 bear Sphagnum. Until recently there 

 was a small island mass with sphagnum in the shallow water just 

 north of the Cranberry-bog. This has been dismembered. A 

 fragment which is merely a mass of peat covered with Peltandra 

 and Pontederia still occupies the original location, another frag- 

 ment containing Decodon, Hibiscus, Polygonum and one Salix lies 

 farther east near the shore, the remainder has entirely disappeared. 



THE FLORA OF THE LAKE BED. 



Attention has been called in the preceding pages to the 

 shallowness of the lake basin. By this, of course, is understood 

 the present lake and not its predecessor. The bed of the old 

 swamp at the time of the beginning of the deposition of plant 

 remains, must have been at the bottom of the deposit of peaty 

 soil. This the cores, taken in the soundings at various stations 

 of the lake, have shown. No well defined beach or shore lines 

 remain; so that it is impossible to determine the original depth 

 and extent of the lake; but after it reached its final outlet into 

 the Licking River, the water cannot have stood at a much higher 

 level than it does now. When the ancient lake stood at or above 



