202 



MR. E. B. POULTON ON THE PROTECTIVE [Mar. 1, 



Table I. 



Species 



of 

 Larva. 



Method by which rendered 

 conspicuous. 



Unpleasant 

 attribute. 



Jenner Weir, 



using many species 



of Birds and Lizards. 



Kesults of 



A. G. Butler, 



using Birds, Lacerta 



viridis, Frogs, and 



Spiders. 



Erwgaster 

 lanestris. 



Black, red, and white ; gre- 

 garious ; living on a web ; 

 rather hairy ; very conspi- 

 cuous on hawthorn. 



? Taste or smell. Proof 

 lies in what follows. 

 The hairs may be 

 irritating. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. Expe- 

 riment repeated a 

 second season. 



Clisiocampa 

 neustria. 



Orange-red, black, white, and 

 blue ; rather hairy ; gre- 

 garious, and living on a 

 web when young ; very con- 

 spicuous on apple &c. 



? Taste or smell. Proof 

 lies in what follows. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds, al- 

 though very hun- 

 gry. Eaten by L. 

 viridis r.nd L. agi- 

 lis, although some- 

 times refused, and 

 evidently disliked. 



Cucullia 

 verbasci. 



Green, yellow, and black ; 

 gregarious and very con- 

 spicuous on upper sides of 

 leaves and on the stem of 

 mullein. 



The larvsB eject a 

 green fluid from 

 their mouths when 

 disturbed. ? Taste 

 or smell. Proof lies 

 in what follows. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. Expe- 

 riment repeated a 

 second season. 



Halia wa- 

 varia. 



Green to lead-colour, with 

 yellow and black. Does not 

 assume the characteristic 

 highly protective attitude 

 so common in Geometrae ; 

 but most conspicuous on 

 currant and gooseberry. 



? Taste or smell. Proof 

 lies in what follows. 



Alwaj's refused by 

 Frogs after tasting 

 them ; so also 

 with Spiders. Sup- 

 plied to the young 

 of the Great Tit by 

 the parent birds, 

 and alwaj's eaten 

 greedily. 



Abraxas 

 grossida- 

 riata. 



Cream colour, black, and 

 orange ; as above, unlike 

 most Geometrae, but most 

 conspicuous on blackthorn, 

 gooseberry, &c. 



?Taste or smell. Proof 

 lies in what follows. 



Hybernia 

 defoliaria. 



Brown and yellow ; as above, 

 unlike most Geometric, but 

 conspicuous and ofteu hang- 

 ing by a thread from its 

 food-plant (oak &c.). 



? Taste or smell. Proof 

 lies in what follows. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. Expe- 

 riment repeated a 

 second season. 

 Once eaten by L. 

 agilis ; often tas- 

 ted and refused ; 

 evidently much 

 dishked. 



Always refused by 

 Frogs and L. viri- 

 dis after tasting 

 them ; so also with 

 Spiders. {Epeira 

 diadema and Ly- 

 cosa?, sp., were the 

 Spiders used in the 

 case of this and the 

 previous species.) 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. 



