1887. J VAI.ITE OF COLOUR AND MARKINGS IN INSECTS. 235 



(confmued). 



Light Ground-colour and Darker Secondary Colours. 



Species. 



Ground-colour. 



Colour nest in 

 impui'tance. 



Larva of C. verhasci 



Larva of B. cceruleocephala 

 Larva of H. wa varia 



Larva, of D. ff alii 



Pale green. 



Smoky green. 



Green, varying to lead- 

 colour. 



Yellow, varying through 

 light green, olive-green, 

 various shades of brown 

 to black (in the last 

 case should be in oppo- 

 site column). 



Yellow. 

 Yellow. 

 Y'ellow. 



Black. 



3rd colour. 



4th colour. 



Black. 

 Black. 

 Smoky. 



Yellow or white. 



it in at all a marked degree (A. grossulariata and A . filipendulce), 

 and one of these is partially striped. 



Combination of Ring and Stripe, and of Ring and Spot, and Stripe 

 and Spot. — Also suited to the cylindrical body-form, and occurring 

 in larvae and in one imago only {E. jacohcece). 



Hence the existing arrangement of many widely separated con- 

 spicuous insects possessing a similar type of pattern is due to the 

 fact that there is a limited choice of available patterns, as well as to the 

 factors conducing to convergence. In addition to this there is 

 probably in some cases a certain amount of true mimicry in the 

 acquisition of patterns and colours. Thus it is more than probable 

 (as has been previously suggested by other observers) that the 

 species rendered conspicuous by alternate rings of black and yellow 

 gain great advantages from the justly respected appearance of Hor- 

 nets and Wasps. It must not be forgotten, however, that the latter 



