1887.] OF JAPAN AND COREA. 399 



From Japan I have one species (Papilio mikado) new to science, 



and several not hitherto recorded as Japanese. 



Of the 91 species from Corea, 71 are common to Japan and Yesso, 

 and 67 to Amurland including Askold, which is only about 300 

 miles north of Grensan. There are five species which occur in 

 Northern China, but not in Japan or Amurland, and I discovered 

 four new to science. 



Of the 89 species which occur in Yesso only the following 8 do 

 not occur in Central Japan : — Aporia cratcegi, Dipsasjonasi, Theda 

 signata, T. ibara, T. fentoni, T. butleri, Vanessa urticcB, Ismene 

 aquilinu ; only T. sigtiata, T. ibara, and T. butleri are peculiar to 

 Yesso, the remainder are found in Amurland. 



I commenced collecting at Nagasaki during April 1886, and found 

 insect-life very abundant wherever a piece of accessible uncultivated 

 ground was to be met with. This is only the case on hill-sides too 

 steep for cultivation. It is wonderful to see the way in which the 

 hills are cut into steps, supported by huge banks and walls, and 

 kept constantly irrigated by small streams of water, especially in the 

 south. Where a good piece of forest occurs it is usually impenetrable 

 on account of the dense undergrowth of bamboo-grasses and ferns, 

 filled with nauseous plants emitting an effluvium that resembles putrid 

 flesh. This sort of collecting-ground occurs nearly all over the 

 main and southern islands of Japan, and when combined with a 

 mixture of tropical sunshine and tropical rains renders an entomo- 

 logist's pursuit both arduous and unpleasant. 



I found at Nagasaki a small native-built schooner, which was 

 placed at my disposal by the kindness of influential friends. On 

 this craft I lived for some six weeks, landing at a different locality 

 each day and moving on at night. I was thus enabled to work a 

 great deal of ground that had never before been visited by a European 

 of any denomination, without wasting any time in travelling. After 

 an uneventful voyage, considering the intricacy of the navigation and 

 the ignorance of the captain, I again landed at Nagasaki. 



During the earlier part of June I took passage to Corea. The 

 first port we touched was Fusan, where we were not allowed on shore 

 owing to the cholera. I managed to evade the quarantine by 

 procuring a boat, which landed me on Deer Island out of sight of 

 the town, and had a fine day's collecting. I next reached Gensan, 

 where I spent about a month. It was a great relief to find one's self 

 in a country where rice was not grown, or only in very small quan- 

 tities. In the neighbourhood of the sea the ground is hilly and 

 covered with low scrub, mostly dwarf oak seldom over a foot in 

 height and with enormous leaves, azaleas, ferns, chiefly common 

 bracken and Osmunda, the latter very small, and wild briars. The 

 most conspicuous flowers are Iris, Spiraeas, and Tiger-lilies, all very 

 abundant. Here and there a sheltered ravine is met with containino- 

 a few trees, and with a stream running through it. These spots were 

 a perfect paradise to a collector. The reason of the bareness of the 

 coast-hills is owing to the fact that the natives mow them for fuel 

 every autumn. At a distance of about fifteen miles from the sea 



97* 



