•404 MR. J. H. LEIiCH ON THE BUTTERFLIES [MbJ 3, 



and yellow, others were of a much deeper yellow than the ordinary 

 type, aud some were nearly all black, being by tar the most pronounced 

 var. hippocrafes I have yet seen. Every specimen was much larger 

 than the parent. 



The following description of the full-fed larva does not seem to 

 differ in the slightest degree from the common form of P. machaon : — 



Larva. — Ground-colour of body pale green, smooth ; head the same 

 marked with black. Each segment of the larva is divided trans- 

 versely bv a broad black band interrujited on each side by three 

 orange spots, that occurring in the spiracular region being the largest. 

 Each segmental division is marked by a black band, extending iu 

 most specimens about halfway down the sides and contracting and 

 expanding with the movements of the larva; legs tipped with black 

 and a black spot above each leg. Each abdominal leg has a broad 

 black band, above which is a larjic triangular black mark surmounted 

 by two smaller s[>ots ; belly paler than dorsal area and spotted at 

 intervals with black. Feeds on the coniuiou carrot. 



2. Papilio xuthus, L. 



Var. xuthulus, Brera. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 4, t. 1. fig. 2. 



Common all over Japan and Corea during the warm months. 



The earliest form \s " xuthulus" m jNIarch aud April, but this 

 rariety does not seem to be nearly so distinct iu Japan as in the 

 Amur region, intermediate forms occurring commonly from xuthvhis 

 to wuthiis, which continues in turn to vary until a larger and much 

 darker form is reached, which bears the same resemblance to xuthus 

 that hippocrates does to machaon. I have specimens from Nagasaki 

 (July) in which the black markings are very much exaggerated, and 

 the yellow is replaced by a deep buff. 



3. Papilio bianor. 



P. bianor, Cr. Pap. Ex. ii. t. 103. f. C (1/79). 



P. maaTvii, Men. Schrenk's Reise, p. 10, t. i. (1859). 



P. dehaanii, Feld. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. p. 323 (1864). 



P. raddei, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 3, t. i. 



Yar.japotiica, Butl, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. ix. p. 50 (186fi). 



P. alliacmon, De I'Oiza (ex Boisd.), Lep. Jap. p. 9 (1869). 



P. tutanus, Feuton, P. Z. S. 18S1, p. 855. 



This species Taries to such an extent that it is impossible to form 

 any correct opinion on the subject until our knowledge of its habits 

 and distribution is considerably increased; the existing arrangements 

 are, however, purely artificial, as none of the characters on which it 

 has been subdivided are constant. 



The two most distinct types, viz. raddei and maakii, have been 

 shown to be seasonal tbrms of tlie same species bv breeding, which 

 proves the species to be double-brooded. Dehaanii, japonica, and 

 alliacmon are, so far as my knowledge goes, either spring or alpine 

 forms, irom which I should infer that they were the first brood of 

 bianor, maakii, and tutanus, which only occur iu summer. 



Occurs commonly all over Japan and Corea. 



