1887-] NOMENCLATURE OF INDIAN MAMMALS. 623 



is known to have a black beai'd. Elawandum is perhaps the same 

 as Eli Wanderu, a Ceyloiiese name, according to Kelaart, of 'S*. ther- 

 sites, which I believe to be a variety of ;S'. cephalopterus. It, how- 

 ever, has not a black beard. Elawandum is the same as Biiffon's 

 Lowando. The name Simia veter cannot possibly refer to the 

 Malabar Monkey. 



I now turn to the authentic history of the Malabar Monkey in 

 the works of European naturalists. 



Buffon, Hist. Nat. xiv. pp. 169, 174, pi. xviii., described and 

 figured a Monkey which was clearly the Malabar form. He called 

 the animal "Ouanderou; " and identified it with the " Wanderow" 

 of Captain Robert Knox, and with the Wanderu and Elawandum of 

 Ray. The name of Wanderu has clung to the Malabar Monkey 

 ever since ; but really applies, as Templeton, Kelaart, Tennent, and 

 others have shown, to the Ceylonese Semnopitheci, and was rightly 

 employed for those animals by Knox and Ray. The word TFanderu, 

 however, as Sterndale has pointed out, is merely a Cingalese form of 

 the Hindi word bandar, and means Monkey in a wide sense. 



Schreber, in 1/75 (Siiugth. i. p. 87), united the "Ouanderou" 

 of Buffon with the Simia silenus of Linnaeus, and has been followed 

 by naturalists generally '. 



There can be very little doubt but that the animal under considera- 

 tion is the " Lion-tailed Monkey " of Pennant^. The first Latin name 

 that I can find applied to this species is Simia ferox, given by Shaw 

 in the 'Museum Leverianum ' (p. G9), published in 1792. The 

 description is accompanied by a fair figure, I think that the 

 specific i\Sime ferux ought, by the rules, to be employed for this spe- 

 cies, and I see no reason why Pennant's English name should not be 

 adopted, instead of the misleading term " Wanderoo Monkey." 



II. On the Simia cynomolgos of Linnceus. 



In the twelfth edition of Linnaeus's ' Systema Naturae,' p. 38, a 

 species of Simia is thus described : — 



" S. cynomolgos caudata imberbis, naribus bifidis elatis, cauda 

 arcuala, natibus calvis. Habitat in Africa, vigilis noctu 

 iostituit in arboribus." 



Two references are given : — Brisson, Quad. p. 213, and Cerco- 

 pithecus angolensis major, Marcgrav. Bras. 227. To the quota- 

 tion from Marcgrav is added a reference to Ray, Quad. 155. 

 Both Ray and Brisson, however, merely copied Marcgrav's account 

 with a few unimportant emendations. It is clear, therefore, that 

 the Simia cynomolgos of Linnaeus is the animal described by 

 Marcgrav. 



George Marcgrav, who appears to have been a trustworthy writer, 



1 The only important exception is Frederic Ouvier, ^-lio, in the folio ' His- 

 toire Naturelle des Mammiferes,' gave two capital figures of the " Ouanderou," 

 and pointed out that it diflfered from the animal described by Prosper Alpinus. 

 In the ' Table Geiierale et Methodique,' however, the specific name silenus 

 was used. 



2 8yn. Mamni. p. 109; Hist. Quad. ed. 3, i. p. 19S, pi. xliv. f. ]. 



41* 



