624 MR, W. T. BLANFORD ON THE [DeC. 6, 



published in 164S a work entitled ' llistoria Naturalis Brasiliee.' 

 This work contains descriptions not only of Brazilian animals, but 

 also of several from the Portuguese possessions in Western Africa. 

 Tims there is an unmistakable figure of the Red River-hog, on which 

 the Sus porcus of Linnaeus was founded '. At tlie page 227 quoted 

 in the ' Systema Naturae' is the following description : — 



" Cercopithecus Angolensis major ; in Congo vocant Macaquo. 

 Color pilorum totius corporis ut Lupi, nares habet bifidas, elatas ; 

 caput ursino simile, nates calvos quibus insidet : caudam semper 

 portet arcuatam. Longitudo corporis a capite ad caudam unius 

 pedis et supra : capitis longitudo sex digitorum ; caudse pedalis ; 

 crura quatuor seqnalis longitudinis decern digitorum in prioribus 

 cruribus ; nianus tres <y semis digit, longas, quinque digitis prse- 

 ditas, in posterioribus longas manus quinque digitos. Crassities 

 corporis ubi maxima unius pedis & novem digitorum : clamat hah, 

 hah. Dentes habet albissiinos. Mire gesticulatur, penem habet 

 humano simileminstar pueri." 



It is perfectly clear from this that Simia cynomolgos, L., was an 

 animal inhabiting the country around tlie mouth of the Congo, and, 

 judging from the size, the bear-like head, and tail shorter than the 

 body, a Baboon ^. Certainly the Linnsean name has not the 

 slightest application to the Malay Monkey, commonly known 

 (improperly) as the Macaque Monkey, for which this name is gene- 

 rally used. 



The Malay Monkey i?, however, Buffon's "Macaque"; this 

 name and also the geiicric term Mucaca of Lace'pede (1801) (subse- 

 quently modified into Macacus by F. Cuvier and Desmarest) being 

 derived evidently from the same West-African or Portuguese word 

 as Marcgrav's Macaquo. Schreber in this case, as in that of Simia 

 silenus, is the author of tlie confusion that has arisen. He applied 

 the Linnsean term Simia cynomolgos to Buffon's Macaque, of which 

 he copied t'le figure. 



The first author, so far as I can ascertain, who noticed the dif- 

 ference between Buffon's Macaque and the Simia cynomolgos of 

 Linnaeus was Frederick Cuvier, who, in 1818 ^ proposed for the 

 former the name Macacus irus, a name that I think should, in 

 accordance with the rules of nomenclature, be retained for the Malay 

 Monkey. 



There are, however, two other early names, S. aygula, Linn. 

 (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, i. p. 39), and S. atys, Audebert (Hist. Nat. 

 Singes et Makis), that have been ap, lied to the present species; and 

 it is as well to inquire whether either can be identified as pertaining 

 to it. Simia aygula was thus described by Linnaeus : — " S. caudata 

 subirnberbis grisea, emineutia pilosa verticis reversa longitudinali," 

 with the quotation " Osb. Iter. 99." Osbeck's ' Voyage to China 



' The much later specific title penioillatiis, giyen by Scbinz in 1847, is com- 

 monly used for this animal. 



^ The term narihun hifc/is is puzzling, and I oannot suggest any satisfactory 

 explanation of it. 



■' ' Meiiioire.^ du !\[usi.'\iin,' iv. p. 120. 



