inventorying the species. A clump of 1-20 flowering (genet) 

 or non-flowering steins (ramet) may actually represent one 

 individual, so that stem counts are high approximations of 

 population size. Estimates range from 1-1000 stems; about 

 half of the 30 recent records had stem tallies of around 100 

 or less. 



3. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY 



a. TYPE OF REPRODUCTION: Both vegetative and sexual 

 reproduction are known for Cypripedium spp. The 

 fibrous rhizhome produces buds annually which develop 

 into separate stems. A single clone can produce 

 anywhere from one to over twenty stems. The clumped 

 distribution patterns of this species generally reflect 

 clone development. 



b. POLLINATION BIOLOGY: Most orchids are insect- 

 pollinated. The Orchid Family is adapted for 

 insect-pollination in that the pollen on the 

 anthers is packaged into masses with a sticky 

 disk, called "pollinia". When visiting insects 

 come into contact with the adhesive part of the 

 pollinia, it adheres to the insect for 

 transportation to other flowers. Flowers which 

 are not visited by insects can still be wind- 

 pollinated with dessication of the anther and the 

 connecting disk. Native bees are the likely pollinator 

 for this species (Luer 1975) . 



c. SEED DISPERSAL AND BIOLOGY: The flowers of species in 

 the Orchid Family produce microscopic seed which are 

 difficult to establish because they lack seed reserves 

 and require a mycorrhizal symbiont. 



V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 



Efforts to relocate Cypripedium calceolus in the Garnet Range were 

 unsuccessful. There are three possible explanations for the result. 



There is no basis for suspecting the label data with the original 

 specimen to give an incorrect location. Both the townsite of Garnet 

 and the nearby Anderson Hill landmark are named. 



It is improbable but possible that potential habitat remains but was 

 overlooked on both aerial photographs and ground reconnaissance. At 

 other sites of C. calceolus . it occurs in undisturbed bottomland 

 settings at forest/wetland borders, a combination of site features 

 which will are usually of sufficient size and contrast to discern. 



The most likely explanation for the survey result is extirpation of 

 the species at the Anderson Hill site. Lowerslope clearcuts on the 



