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NOTES ON THE LAND MOLLUSCA 

 OF GRANGE-OVER-SANDS, LANCASHIRE. 



By R. STANDEN. 



(Read before the Society, January 12th, 1898). 



During August last I paid a short week-end visit, accompanied by 

 Mr. Edward Ward, to the picturesque village of Grange, and devoted 

 most of the time to an investigation of the Molluscan Fauna of the 

 district. The warm wet weather experienced during our stay was 

 peculiarly suitable for shell collecting; and, as the geological formation 

 is mainly limestone, my anticipation that the locality would prove a 

 good one for shells was more lhan justified by the results. The 

 Windermere road was searched for a short distance, but the most 

 prolific spot found was Eggerslack Wood, which covers the steep hill- 

 side for two or three miles. It is crossed by a zig-zag path, which we 

 entered by a little wicket gate on the roadside opposite to the Grange 

 Hotel. The spaces between the larger trees are filled with a dense 

 undergrowth of sapling timber and hazel bushes, and the ground is 

 thickly covered, in most parts, with a profusion of flat moss-covered 

 stones, dead sticks, and a wealth of creeping plants, matted together 

 and intermixed with decaying leaves — altogether an ideal hunting 

 ground for any naturalist, and especially a conchologist. Here we 

 found an extraordinary abundance of Hyalinia fulva, H. crystallina, 

 H alliaria, and var. viridula, H pitra, and var. nilidosa, H. cellaria, 

 H. nitidula, Helix pulchella (type only), H. rotundata, and var. turtoni, 

 H aculeata, H liispida, and var. concinna, H sericea, H rufescens, and 

 vars. rubens and alba ; also Vitrina pellucida (all dead), and Cochlicopa 

 lubrica, together with a few typical H aspersa, H. nemoralis, and 

 H. arbmtorum. High up on the nut-bushes Buliminus obscurus 

 occurred sparingly, and the dead sticks and flat stones yielded a few 

 Carychhim minimum, Vertigo pygmcea, V. substriata, and V. pusilla. 

 The last species I consider a very interesting and important find, as 

 hitherto its only recorded locality in the County Palatine is Silverdale, 

 on the opposite side of the bay, where several specimens were collected 

 by Mr. F. C. Long, of Burnley, in July 1891, and exhibited by me at 

 a meeting of the Manchester Branch in the following November. 

 Mr. J. B. Dixon, of Preston, also took it at Silverdale in June 1894. 

 As in my own case the Silverdale specimens occurred amongst moss, 

 and are rather larger and lighter in colour than those found at Ingleton, 

 and elsewhere in England and Scotland, but they very closely resemble 

 the Irish type of the species which I have collected in Co. Donegal 

 and Co. Antrim. A few Helix pygmcea occurred in moss-shakings. 



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