24 ON THE CEREBRAIi CONVOLUTIONS OF THE CAENIVORA. 



miss. The calloso-margiual and crucial sulci are widely separated 

 by a large liippocampal gyrus, which rises to the surface of the 

 cerebrum (fig. 11). Nevertheless there is a deceptive appearance 

 of junction between the crucial and calloso-marginal sulci by the 

 uprising of an oblique secondary sulcus (y), which ascends from 

 the hinder part of the backward prolongation of the crucial 

 sulcus almost to that part of the calloso-marginal sulcus which 

 joins the dorsal surface of the cerebrum. 



Thus the cerebral characters of the Carnivora and Pinnipedia 

 fully justify and confirm the inductions so long ago made by 

 tbe late Mr. H. N". Turner *, and further worked out and im- 

 proved by Professor Elower f- The cerebra of these animals group 

 themselves, I think, unmistakably in four sets corresponding 

 with the Arctoidea, the ^luroidea, the Gynoidea, and the Pinni- 

 pedia, though the brains of the Viverrincs are so divergent through 

 the atrophy of the crucial sulcus, that they may be held to con- 

 stitute a fifth subordinate group by themselves. Do the facts 

 bere given tbrow any, and, if any, what, glimmering of light on 

 genetic affinity and Phyllogeny ? 



The late Professor Garrod threw out the suggestion % that the 

 brain of tbe Dogs was a further and higher development of that 

 of the Viverrine group, passing upwards through the Felidae. 



I cannot, however, any more than Professor Mower § or 

 Professor Huxley, favour such a genealogical table of the Carni- 

 vora on account of other, non-cerebral, anatomical considerations ; 

 but though I cannot regard this sketch of Professor GTarrod's as 

 happy phylogenetically, it appears to me to be a very correct 

 one morphologically, and that his words express fairly well the 

 morphological relations between the cerebra of the different 

 groups of Carnivorous Mammalia. 



There is a point, bowever, as to which the Carnivorous brain 

 does appear to me to aff"ord a solid ground for accepting a certain 

 phylogenetic view. The Pinnipedia form a group so peculiar 

 as to make their origin a question of some diflSculty. The brain 

 of the Seals is so divergent from that of the ordinary Carnivora, 

 that MM. Leuret and Gratiolet separated it widely from the 

 latter, relegating it H to their eleventh mammalian group, and 

 interposing the whole of the Ungulates and Edentates between 



* P. Z. S. 1848, p. 86. t P. Z. S. 1869, p. 85. 



I See P. Z. S. 1878, p. 377. § See P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 75 & 76. 



II See I. c. p. 371. 



