114 THE HISTORY OF CEEATION. 



blossoms of the latter becoming dififerentiated into calyx and 

 corolla. The sub-class of the Corolliflorse is again divided 

 into two large main divisions or legions, each of which 

 contains a large number of different orders, families, genera, 

 and species. The first legion bears the name of star-flowers, or 

 Diapetalse, the second that of the bell-flowers, or Gamopetalse. 



The lower and less perfect of the two legions of the 

 Corolliflorse are the star-flowers (also called Diapetalse or 

 Dialypetalse). To them belong the extensive families of the 

 Umbelliferse, or umbrella- worts (wild carrot, etc.), the Cruci- 

 ferse, or cruciform blossoms (cabbage, etc.) ; further, the 

 Ranunculacese (buttercups) and Crassulacese, the Mallows 

 and Geraniums, and, besides many others, the large group of 

 Roses (which comprise, besides roses, most of our fruit trees), 

 and the Pea-blossoms (containing, among others, beans, clover, 

 genista, acacia, and mimosa). In all these Diapetalse the 

 blossom-leaves remain separate, and never grow together, 

 as is the .case in the Gamopetalae. These latter developed 

 first in the tertiary period out of the Diapetalse, whereas the 

 Diapetalse appeared in the chalk period together with the 

 Apetalse. 



The highest and most perfect group of the vegetable 

 kingdom is formed by the second division of the Corolliflorse, 

 namely, the legion of bell-flowers (Gamopetalse, also called 

 Monopetalse or Sympetalse). In this group the blossom- 

 leaves, which in other plants generally remain separate, 

 grow regularly together into a more or less bell-like, funnel- 

 shaped, or tubular flower. To them belong, among others, 

 the Bell-flowers and Convolvulus, Primroses and Heaths, 

 Gentian and Honeysuckle, further the family of the Olives 

 (olive trees, privet, elder, and ash), and finally, besides many 



