PEDIGREE OF THE APES. 273 



teeth, of which two are pre-molars and three molars, 

 altogether thirty-two teeth. But all Apes of the NeNv 

 World, all Platyrrhini, have four more cheek teeth, namelj-, 

 three pre-molars and three molars on each side, above and 

 below : they consequently possess thirty-six teeth. Only 

 one small group forms an exception to this rule, namely, 

 the Arctopitheci, or Clawed Apes, in whom the third molar 

 has degenerated, and they accordingly have on each half of 

 their jaw three pre-molars and two molars. They also 

 differ from the other Platyrrhini by having claws on the 

 fingers of their hands and the toes of their feet, not nails 

 like Man and the other Apes. This small group of South 

 American Apes, which includes among others the well- 

 known pretty little Midas-monkey and the Jacchus, must 

 probably be considered only as a peculiarly developed 

 lateral branch of the Platyrrhini. 



Now, if we ask what evidence can be drawn, as to the 

 pedigree of Apes, from the above facts, we must con- 

 elude that all the Apes of the New World have developed 

 out of one tribe, for they all possess the characteristic jaw 

 and the nasal formation of the Platyn'hini. In like 

 manner it follows that all the Apes of the Old World must 

 be derived from one and the same common primary form, 

 which possessed the same formation of nose and jaw as 

 all the still living Catarrhini. Further, it can scarcely 

 be doubted that the Apes of the New World, taken as an 

 entire tribe, are either derived from those of the Old World, 

 or (to express it more vaguely and cautiously) both are 

 diverging branches of one and the same tribe of Apes. We 

 also arrive at the exceedingly important conclusion — 

 which is of the utmost significance in regard to Man's dis- 



VOL. II. T 



