300 THE HISTORY OF CREATION, 



developed in him than in the apes most like men. This 

 differentiation of the fore and hinder extremities was, 

 however, not merely most advantageous for their own 

 development and perfecting, but it was followed at the 

 same time by a whole series of very important changes in 

 other parts of the body. The whole vertebral column, and 

 more especially the girdle of the pelvis and shoulders, 

 as also the muscles belonging to them, thereby experienced 

 those changes which distinguish the human body from 

 that of the most man-like apes. These transmutations 

 were probably accomplished long before the origin of 

 articulate speech; and the human race thus existed for 

 long, with an upright walk and the characteristic human 

 form of body connected with it, before the actual develop- 

 ment of human language, which would have completed the 

 second and the more important part of human development. 

 We may therefore distinguish a special (21st) stage in the 

 series of our human ancestors, namely. Speechless Man 

 (Alalus), or Ape-man (Pithecanthropus), whose body was 

 indeed formed exactly like that of Man in all essential 

 characteristics, but who did not as yet possess articulate 

 speech. 



The origin of articulate language, and the higher differen- 

 tiation and perfecting of the larynx connected with it, 

 must be looked upon as only a later, and the most 

 important stage in the process of the development of Man. 

 It was, doubtless, this process which above all others 

 helped to create the deep chasm between man and animal, 

 and which also first caused the most important progress 

 in the mental activity and the perfecting of the brain 

 connected with it. There indeed exists in very many 



