WOOLLY-HAIRED MEN. 307 



hair and speech, because they are much more strictly 

 hereditary than the form of the skull. 



Comparative philology seems especially to be becoming 

 an authority in this matter. In the latest great work 

 on the races of men, which Friederich Miiller has pub- 

 lished in his excellent " Ethnography," ^ he justly places 

 language in the fore-ground. Next to it the nature of 

 the hair of the head is of great importance ; for although it 

 is in itself of course only a subordinate morphological 

 character, yet it seems to be strictly transmitted within 

 the race. Of the twelve species of men distinguished on 

 the following table (p. 308), the four lower species are 

 characterised by the woolly nature of the hair of their 

 heads; every hair is flattened like a tape, and thus its 

 section is oval. These four species of ivoolly -haired men 

 (Ulotrichi) we may reduce into two groups — tuft-haired 

 and fleecy-haired. The hair on the head of tuft-haired 

 men (Lophocomi), Papuans and Hottentots, grows in 

 unequally divided small tufts. The woolly hair of fleecy- 

 haired Tnen (Eriocomi), on the other hand, in Caflres and 

 Negroes, grows equally all over the skin of the head. All 

 Ulotrichi, or woolly-haired men, have slanting teeth and long 

 heads, and the colour of their skin, hair, and eyes is always 

 very dark. All are inhabitants of the Southern Hemi- 

 sphere ; it is only in Africa that they come north of the 

 equator. They are on the whole at a much lower stage of 

 development, and more like apes, than most of the 

 Lissotrichi, or straight-haired men. The Ulotrichi are 

 incapable of a true inner culture and of a higher mental 

 development, even under the favourable conditions of 

 adaptation now offered to them in the United States of 



