POLAR MEN". 317 



stiff and black. The form of their skull is, in the great 

 majority of cases, decidedly short (especially in Kalmucks, 

 Baschkirs, etc.) but frequently of medium length (Tartars, 

 Chinese, etc.) But among them we never meet with genuine 

 long-headed men. The narrow openings of their eyes, 

 which are generally slanting, their prominent cheek bones, 

 broad noses, and thick lips are very striking, as well as the 

 round form of their faces. The language of the Mongols is 

 probably traceable to a common primeval language ; but 

 the monosyllabic languages of the Indo-Chinese races, and 

 the polysyllabic languages of the other Mongol races, stand 

 in contrast as two main branches which separated at an 

 early time. The monosyllabic tribes of the Indo-Chinese 

 include the Tibetans, Birmans, Siamese, and Chinese. The 

 other polysyllabic Mongols are divided into three races, 

 namely: (1) the Coreo-Japanese (Coreansand Japanese); (2) 

 the Altaians (Tartars, Kirgises, Kalmucks, Buriats, Tungu- 

 sians) ; and (3) the Uralians (Samoiedes, Fins). The 

 Magyars of Hungary are descended from the Fins. 



The Polar Tuen (Homo Arcticus) must be looked upon as 

 a branch of the Mongolian human species. We comprise 

 under this name the inliabitants of the Arctic Polar lands 

 of both hemispheres, the Esquimaux (and Greenlanders) in 

 North America, and the Hyperboreans in north-eastern 

 Asia (Jukagirs, Tschuksches, Kuriaks, and Kamtschads.) 

 By adaptation to the Polar climate, this human race has 

 become so peculiarly transformed that it may be considered 

 as a distinct species. Their stature is low and of a square 

 build ; the formation of their skull of medium size or even 

 long; their eyes narrow and slanting like the Mongols; 

 their cheek-bones prominent, and their mouth wide. Their 



