o 



28 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 



the common primary species of all the others, there de- 

 veloped in the first place — probably by natural selection — 

 various species of men unknown to us, and now long since 

 extinct, and who still remained at the stage of speechless 

 ape-men (Alalus, or Pithecanthropus). Two of these species, 

 a woolly-haired and a straight-haired, which were most 

 strongly divergent, and consequently overpowered the 

 others in the struggle for life, became the primary forms 

 of the other remaining human species. 



The main branch of wooUy-haired men (Ulotrichi) at 

 first spread only over the southern hemisphere, and then 

 emigrated partly eastwards, partly westwards. Remnants 

 of the eastern branch are the Papuans in New Guinea and 

 Melanesia, who in earlier times were diffused much further 

 west (in further India and Sundanesia), and it was not 

 imtil a late period that they were driven eastwards by the 

 Malays. The Hottentots are the but little changed remnants 

 of the western branch ; they immigrated to their present 

 home from the north-east. It was perhaps during this 

 migration that the two nearly related species of Caffres and 

 Negroes branched off" from them ; but it may be that they 

 owe their origin to a peculiar branch of ape-like men. 



The second main branch of primseval straight-haired men 

 (Lissotrichi), which is more capable of development, has 

 probably left a but little changed remnant of its common 

 primary form — which migrated to the south-east — ^in the 

 ape-like natives of Australia. Probably very closely related 

 to these latter are the South Asiatic pri'mcBval Malays, or 

 Promalays, wjiieh name we have previously given to the 

 extinct, hypothetical primary form of the other six human 

 species. Out of this unknown common primary form there 

 seem to have arisen three diverging branches, namely , the true 



