348 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 



organic individual, without having an idea of the palseon- 

 tological history of the whole tribe, of which fossils are 

 the records. And yet these two branches of the organic 

 history of development^ — ontogeny, or the history of the 

 individual, and phylogeny, or the history of the tribe — 

 stand in the closest . causal connection, and the one cannot 

 be understood without the other. The same may be said of 

 the systematic and the anatomical part of Biology. There 

 are even now, in zoology and botany, many systematic 

 naturalists who work with the erroneous idea that it is 

 possible to construct a natural system of animals and plants 

 simply by a careful examination of the external and readily 

 accessible forms of bodies, without a deeper knowledge of 

 their internal structure. On the other hand, there are 

 anatomists and histologists who think it possible to obtain a 

 true knowledge of animal and vegetable bodies merely by a 

 most careful examination of the inner structure of the body 

 of some individual species, without the comparative exami- 

 nation of the bodily form of aU kindred organisms. And 

 yet here, as everywhere, the internal and external factors, 

 to wit. Inheritance and Adaptg,tion, stand in the closest 

 mutual relation, and the individual can never be thoroughly 

 understood without a comparison of it with the whole of 

 which it is a part. To those one-sided specialists we should 

 like in Goethe's words to say : — 



We irnist, contemplating Nature, 

 Part as Whole, give equal heed to : 

 Nought is inward, nought is outward. 

 For the inner is the outer.* 



* Musset im Naturbetrachten 

 Immer Eins wie Alias achten. 

 Nichts ist drinnen, Nichts ist drauszen, 

 Denn was innen, das ist auszen. 



