APrENDix. 399 



flying lizards (Pterodactyli) ; 56. Land tortoises (Chersita) ; 

 57. Birds — reptiles (Tocornitlies), transition form between 

 reptiles and birds ; 58. PrimEeval griffin (Archaeopteryx) ; 59. 

 Water beaked-animal (Omithorhynchus); 60. Land beaked-aninaal 

 (Echidna) ; 61. Unknown forms of transition between Cloa- 

 cals and Marsupials ; 62. Unknown forms of transition 

 between Marsupials and Placentals ; 63. Tuft Placentals (Villi- 

 placentalia) ; 64. Girdle Placentals (Zonoplacentalia) ; 65. Disc 

 Placentals (Discoplacentalia) ; 66. Man (Homo pithecogenes, by 

 Linnaeus erroneously called, Homo sapiens.) 



Plate XV. (After page S69, Vol. 11.) 



Hypothetical Sketch of the Monophyletic Origin and the Diffusion 

 of the Twelve Species of Men from Lemuria over the earth. The 

 hypothesis here geographically sketched of course only claims an 

 entirely provisional value, as in the present imperfect state of our 

 anthropological knowledge it is simply intended to show how 

 the distribution of the human species, from a single primteval 

 home, may be approximately indicated. The probable primseval 

 home, or " Paradise," is here assumed to be Lemuria, a tropical 

 continent at present lying below the level of the Indian Ocean, 

 the former existence of which in the tertiary period seems very 

 probable from numerous facts in animal and vegetable geography. 

 (Compare vol. i. p. 361, and vol. ii. p. 316.) But it is also very 

 possible that the hypothetical " cradle of the human race " lay 

 further to the east (in Hindostan or Further India), or fui-ther to 

 the west (in eastern Africa). Future investigations, especially in 

 comparative anthropology and palaeontology, will, it is to be hoped, 

 enable us to determine the probable position of the primaeval 

 home of man more definitely than it is possible to do at present. 



If in opposition to our monophyletic hypothesis, the polyphyletic 

 hypothesis — which maintains the origin of the different human 

 species from several different species of anthropoid ape — be pre- 

 ferred and adopted, then, from among the many possible hypo- 

 theses which arise, the one deserving: most confidence seems to be 



