CONTENTS. vil 
St. Hilaire——Goethe’s Discovery of the two Organic Bermatye |." 
Principles, of the Conservative Principle of Specification (by In- 
heritance), and of the Progressive Principle of Transformation (by 
Adaptation).—Goethe’s Views of the Common Descent of all Ver- 
tebrate Animals, including Man.—Theory of Development according 
to Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus.— His Monistic Conception of 
Nature. — Oken. — His Nature-philosophy.— Oken’s Theory of 
Protoplasm.—Oken’s Theory of Infusoria oe Theory).—Oken’s 
Theory of Development hs ae a ace ia ee t2 
CHAPTER V. 
THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO KANT AND 
LAMARCK. 
Kant’s Dualistic Biology—His Conception of the Origin of Inorganic 
Nature by Mechanical Causes, of Organic Nature by Causes acting 
for a Definite Purpose.—Contradiction of this Conception with his 
leaning towards the Theory of Descent.— Kant’s Genealogical 
Theory of Development.—tIts Limitation by his Teleology.—Com- 
parison of Genealogical Biology with Comparative Philology.— 
Views in favour of the Theory of Descent entertained by Leopold 
Buch, Bir, Schleiden, Unger, Schaafhausen, Victor Carus, Biichner. 
—French Nature-philosophy.—Lamarck’s Philosophie Zoologique.— 
Lamarck’s Monistic (mechanical) System of Nature.—His Views 
of the Inter-action of the two Organic Formative Tendencies of 
Inheritance and Adaptation. — Lamarck’s Conception of Man’s 
Development from Ape-like Mammals. — Geoffroy St. Hilaire’s, 
Nandin’s, and Lecoq’s Defence of the Theory of Descent.—English 
Nature-philosophy.—Views in favour of the Theory of Descent 
entertained by Erasmus Darwin, W. Herbert, Grant, Freke, Herbert 
Spencer, Hooker, Huxley.—The Double Merit of Charles Darwin ... 100 
CHAPTER VI. 
THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO LYELL 
AND DARWIN. 
Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology.—His Natural History of the 
Earth’s Development.—Origin of the Greatest Effects through the 
Multiplication of the Smallest Causes.—Unlimited Extent of Geo- 
logical Periods.—Lyell’s Refutation of Cuvier’s History of Creation. 
—The Establishment of the Uninterrupted Connection of Historical 
Development by Lyell and Darwin.—Biographical Notice of Charles 
Darwin.—His Scientific Works——His Theory of Coral Reefs—De- 
