6 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
condition of aggregation, which are always wanting in the 
Anorgana. Upon this important distinction rests the divi- 
sion of all natural history into two great and principal parts 
—Biology, or the science of Organisms (Zoology and Botany), 
and Anorganology, or the science of Anorgana (Mineralogy, 
Geology, Meteorology, ete.). 
The great value of the Theory of Descent in regard to 
Biology consists, as I have already remarked, in its explain- 
ing to us the origin of organic forms in a mechanical way, 
and pointing out their active causes. But however highly 
and justly this service of the Theory of Descent may be 
valued, yet it is almost eclipsed by the immense importance 
which a single necessary inference from it claims for itself 
alone. This necessary and unavoidable inference is the 
theory of the animal descent of the human race. 
The determination of the position of man in nature, and 
of his relations to the totality of things—this question of all 
questions for mankind, as Huxley justly calls it—is finally 
solved by the knowledge that man is descended from 
animals. In consequence of Darwin’s reformed Theory of 
Descent, we are now in a position to establish scientifically 
the groundwork of a non-miraculous history of the de- 
velopment of the human race. All those who have defended 
Darwin’s theory, as well as all its thoughtful opponents, have 
acknowledged that, as a matter of necessity, it follows from 
his theory that the human race, in the first place, must be 
traced to ape-like mammals, and further back to the lower 
vertebrate animals. 
It is true Darwin himself did not express at first this © 
most important of all the inferences from his theory. In 
his work, “On the Origin of Species,” not a word is found 
