MATERIALISM. 25 
The Monism here maintained by us is often considered 
identical with Materialism. Now, as Darwinism, and in 
fact the whole theory of development, has been designated as 
“materialistic,” I cannot avoid here at once guarding myself 
against this ambiguous word, and against the malice with 
which, in certain quarters, it is employed to stigmatize our 
doctrine. 
By the word “Materialism,” two completely different 
things are very frequently confounded and mixed up, which 
in reality have nothing whatever to do with each other, 
namely, scientific and moral materialism. Scientific mate- 
rialism, which is identical with our Monism, affirms in 
reality no more than that everything in the world goes on 
naturally—that every effect has its cause, and every cause its 
effect. It therefore assigns to causal law—that is, the law 
of a necessary connection between cause and effect—its 
place over the entire series of phenomena that can be 
known. At the same time, scientific materialism positively 
rejects every belief in the miraculous, and every conception, 
in whatever form it appears, of supernatural processes. 
Accordingly, nowhere in the whole domain of human know- 
ledge does it recognize real metaphysics, but throughout 
only physics ; through it the inseparable connection between 
matter, form, and force becomes self evident. This scientific 
materialism has long since been so universally acknowledged 
in the wide domain of inorganic science, in Physics and 
Chemistry, in Mineralogy and Geology, that no one now 
doubts its sole authority. But in Biology, or Organic science, 
the case is very different; here its value is still continually a 
matter of dispute in many quarters. There is, however, 
nothing else which can be set up against it, excepting the 
