152 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
rests essentially (as has already been intimated in the last 
chapter) upon the comparison of those means which man 
employs in the breeding of domestic animals and the culti- 
vation of garden plants, with those processes which in 
free nature, outside the cultivated state, lead to the coming 
into existence of new species and new genera. We must 
therefore, in order to understand the latter processes, 
first turn to the artificial breeding by man, as was, in fact, 
done by Darwin himself. We must inquire into the results 
to which man attains by his artificial breeding, and what 
means are applied in order to obtain those results; and we 
must then ask ourselves, “ Are there in nature similar forces 
and causes acting similarly to those resorted to by man?” 
First, in regard to artificial breeding, we start from the 
fact last discussed above, viz. that its products in some 
cases differ from one another. much more than the produc- 
tions of natural breeding. It is a fact that races or varieties 
often differ from one another in a much greater degree and 
in much more important qualities than many so-called 
species, or “ good species,’—nay, sometimes even more than 
so-called “good genera” in their natural state. Compare, 
for example, the different kinds of apples which the art 
of horticulture has derived from one and the same 
original apple-form, or compare the different races of horses 
which their breeders have derived from one and the same 
original form of horse, and it will be easily observed that 
the differences of the most different forms are extremely 
important, and much more important than the so-called 
“ specific differences,” which are referred to by zoologists and 
botanists when comparing wild forms for the purpose of 
distinguishing several so-called “ good species.” 
