ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SELECTION. I 67 
and natural selection, and clearly explaining the agreement 
and the differences of the two. 
Both natural and artificial selection are quite simple 
natural, mechanical relations of life, which depend upon the 
interaction of two physiological functions, namely, on Adap- 
tation and Inheritance, functions which, as such, must again 
be traced to physical and chemical properties of organic 
matter. The difference between the two forms of selection 
consists in this: in artificial selection the will of man makes 
the selection according to a plan, whereas in natural selection, 
the struggle for life (that universal inter-relation of organ- 
isms) acts without a plan, but otherwise produces quite the 
same result, namely, a selection of a particular kind of indi- 
viduals for propagation. The alterations produced by artifi- 
cial selection are turned to the advantage of those who make 
the selection ; in natural selection, on the other hand, to the 
advantage of the selected organism. 
These are the most essential differences and aerecmetite of 
the two modes of selection; it must, however, be further 
observed that there is another difference,viz. in the duration of 
time required for the two processes of selection. Man in his 
artificial selection can produce very important changes in a 
very short time, while in natural selection similar results are 
obtained only after a much longer time. This arises. from 
the fact that man can make his selection with much greater 
care. Man is able with the greatest nicety to pick out indi- 
viduals from a large number, drop the others, and to employ 
only the privileged beings for propagation, which is not the 
case in natural selection. In natural conditions, besides the 
privileged individuals which first succeed in propagating 
themselves, some few or many of the less distinguished indi- 
