188 THE HISTORY OF CREATION. 
minous body, the cell-kernel (nucleus), and an external, 
softer albuminous body, the cell-substance or body (proto- 
plasma). Besides this, many cells later on form a third 
(frequently absent) distinct part, inasmuch as they cover 
themselves with a capsule, by exuding an outer pellicle or 
cell-membrane (membrana). All other forms of cells, besides 
these, are of subordinate importance, and are of no further 
interest to us here. 
Every organism composed of many cells was originally a 
single cell, and it becomes many-celled owing to the fact 
that the original cell propagates itself by self-division, and 
that the new individual cells originating in this manner 
remain together, and by division of labour form a commu- 
nity or a state. The forms and vital phenomena of all many- 
celled organisms are merely the effect or the expression of all 
the forms and vital phenomena of all the individual cells of 
which they are composed. The egg, from which most ani- 
oD 
mals and plants are developed, is a simple cell. 
Fic. 2.—Propagation of a single-celled organism, Amoeba sphzerococcus, 
by self-division. A. The enclosed Amceba, a simple globular cell consisting of 
a lump of protoplasm (c), which contains a kernel (b) and a kernel speck (a), 
and is surrounded by a cell-membrane or capsule. B. The free Amceba, which 
has burst and left the cyst or cell-membrane. C. It begins to divide by its 
kernel forming two kernels, and by the cell-substance between the two 
becoming contracted. D. The division is completed by the cell-substance 
likewise falling into two halves (Da and Db). 
