1916. j The Geography of Orissa. 45 



Nilgiri hills (Beames). A very small mahal with a revenue of 

 Rs. 1,428 J only. 



(3) Haveli Bhadrak with a fort at Dhamnagar. The 

 Bhadrekha Dandapata of the T. chronicles. Of this the following 

 five Bisis are named, viz. Amkora, Uripara, Dhamanagara, 

 Raede, Sonatiri. Nos. 1 and 3 still survive as parganas in 

 Balasore district, while Sonatiri is probably Senaot. Ahiyasa 

 is mentioned to be in this Dandapata. It is clear therefore 

 that the old Baitarani, instead of going east as at present, turned 

 south-east near Siddheswar village and flowed into the kharsua 

 branch of the Brahmini above Jari. This old course thus 

 formed the south-western boundary of this mahal, separating it 

 from Jajapur Mahal on the west. The Haveli extended on the 

 east up to the sea and on the north up to the Matai river. It 

 had a high revenue of Rs. 2,38,569. In Shah Sujah's rent-roll 

 Bhadrak continued to be a sarkar with 19 mahals, belonging 

 to Balasore group. 



The governor of the sarkar resided at Dhamanagara, 

 which, as Beames pointed out, has still a number of Musalman 

 residents. The old Padshahi road passed from Bhadrak due 

 south to Dhamanagara and thence south-west to Jajapura. 

 Hence in 1575 a.d., when Daud invaded the Mughal territory, 

 his first attack fell on the governor at Dhamanagara. 



(4) Sahansu with two forts. Sohso pargana, fifteen miles 

 west of Bhadrak (Beames). The Soso Dandapata of the T. 

 chonicles. Three Bisis of it are named, Caudabisi, Purusanda, 

 Hethaba-i. No. 2 still survives as a Tappa and Soso itself as a 

 pargana, both in Thanas Bhadrak and Soro of Balasore district. 

 The mahal must have been a fertile one, to be assessed with a 

 revenue of Rs. 87,857. It lay between the Salindi on the south 

 and the Kasabasa on the north. 



(5) Kahnan, with a fort. Now divided into three parganas, 

 Kaima, Kismat Kaima and Killa Kaima, lying on both sides 

 of the Baitarani (Beames). The Kaemn Dandapata of the T. 

 chronicles, no Bisis of which are named. In modern time 

 Pargana Kaema lies in Thanas Dhamanagara and Candabali of 



Bhadrak subdivision; Kismat Kaema in Thana Ahiyasa of 

 Jajapura subdivision and Thana Candabaji of Bhadrak; and 

 Killa Kaema in thana AH of Kendrapara subdivision. The 

 mahal therefore lav on both sides of the modern Baitarani : but 

 as already pointed out, the present stream in its lower part 

 was evidently not the main channel in the old days. 



(6) Kadsu or Oarsu. Garh Sokindah in north-west Katak 

 (Beames). Not satisfactory. Not traceable in the T. chronicles. 

 The text seems corrupt. 



(7) Mazkurin, independent Talukdars, with three forts, 

 Pacchham Donk, Khandait, Majori. Pachhimkot village in 

 Pargana Ragadi, north-west Katak, Khanditor on the Kharsua, 

 ten miles west of Jajpur, Manjurf, a pargana on the north bank 



