1916 -] The Geography of Orisaa. 



53 



from Jellasore, on the western side of the Subarnrekha (B.). 

 Blochraann's identification is not clear and Beanies' attempt 

 is a mistake. The significant expression " on the borders of 

 Onssa" must take it far north. In the Akbarndmah, at one 

 place Harpur and at other places Cittua are said to be inter- 

 mediate (barzakhe) beween Bangalah and Orlsa. In Valentyn's 

 map (c. 1670 a.d.) a monument is drawn west of Barda to 

 mark the frontier between Bengal and Orissa, and Barda Par- 

 gana (Ghatal) adjoins pargana Cittua on the north-west. It is 

 thus clear that the frontier of Orisa (with the Mahal Rayn) 

 lay west of Cittua and Barda Parganas. So far as rivers 

 could have formed the boundary, the Silai and the Palaspai 

 khal would have been the northernmost limit. The old Padi- 



shahi road from Jehanabad passing through Cittua apparentlv 



nrAn^iA/] 4-U«. T>^1- -Z 1-l.rrl ___!• 1 i %* l t J 



crossed the Palaspai khal, which was probably a continuation 



of the Silai in those days, near this pargana, and then crossed 

 the Kasai river lower down. 



(16) Raepur, a large city with a fortress. West of Bagri 

 on the upper Kasai, now in Chutia Nagpur (Bl.); in south 

 Bankurah, 40 miles N.W. of Midnapore (B.). Not traceable in 

 the T. chronicles. It still survives as a pargana in the Thana 

 of that name in Bankura. 



The pargana formed part of Bisenpur Raj so late as 

 1707 a.d., but was occupied by the Bardwan Raj and included 

 in its general sanad of 1728 a.d. (G. 462, 478). It is shown in 

 large letters in Rennell's Atlas (plate vii, 1779 a.d.) and was 

 therefore a place of importance in those days. 



(17) Sabang, with a fort in the jungle. A pargana in 

 central Midnapore (BL, B.). Not traceable in the T. chronicles. 

 The old Padishahi road passed to its west. It is now noted 

 for its mat manufacture, and lies in the thana of that name. 



(18) Siyari. Chiara in Midnapore (Bl.) A pargana on 

 the Subarnarekha, sixteen miles south-east of Jellasore (B.). 

 Not traced in the T. chronicles. Of the two different parganas 

 thus identified, the one in Balasore seems to be correct. This 

 is a small pargana in Thana Baliapal of Balasore subdivi- 

 si on . 



(19) Kasijora. In Midnapore (Bl.), in East Midnapore 

 (B.). Not traced in the T. chronicles. The modern pargana 

 lies partly in Thana Debra of Midnapur sadar subdivision, but 

 mostly in Thana Ptsakura of Tamluk subdivision It was in- 

 cluded in Goalparah Sarkar, and gave the name to a large 

 zamindari often mentioned in the early records of Midnapur 

 district (G. 532). The mahal supplied a quota of 200 cavalry 

 and ^ 2,500 matchlock and bowmen. The matchlocks were 

 obtained probably from the Portuguese who had settled at 

 Tamluk and Banga. 



(20) Kharaksur, with a fort in the wooded hills. Kharak- 

 pur in Midnapore (BL, B.). Not traced in the T. chronicles. 



