1916.] The Pollination of Flowers in India. 259 



has been studied by the Howards (1. c., p. 261), who record 

 that the flowers open early. I found them to open at 7 a.m. 

 in observations made at Nandurbar (l-x-09). Hibiscus 

 ficulneus, Linn., opens its flowers towards 10 a.m. (Myingyan, 

 12-U-02: Monywa, lO-ii-04). Hibiscus panduraeformis, Burm., 

 opens its flowers at 8 a.m. (Belgaum, 14-xi-02). Hibiscus 

 sabdarifla, Linn., has been observed by the Howards to 

 open its flowers late in the morning and to close them again 

 after only three hours. Hibiscus venustus, Bl., opens its 

 flowers at 7 a.m. (Dawna Hills, Tenasserim, 4-iii-02). Hibiscus 

 fragrans, Roxb., opens its flowers at nightfall, and they last 

 for twenty-four hours, withering at 5 p.m. on the next day 

 (Kobo, Upper Assam, — xii-11). Abutilon indicum, G. Don, 1 

 opens its flowers at 2—3 p.m. and closes them at 8 p.m. (Wal- 

 tair, 2-vii-02; Kyaukse, Central Burma, ll-i-04; Myingyan, 

 15-U-04). Abutilon hirtum, W. and A., opens its flower at about 

 10—11 am. and closes again at sunset (Monywa, 10-ii-04). 



W 



Kyaukse 



and 



to ll-i-04). 



is only published now because I am obliged to leave the ampli- 

 fication to be done by others. I never had the leisure myself 

 in India when in the field to do this line of work full justice, nor 

 facilities for cultivating the plants under my own observation. 



To the flowers of Sida acuta butterflies were seen to be 

 visitors near Calcutta (15-ix-02). Butterflies also seem to be 

 the chief visitors to the flowers of Urena lobata, Linn., 

 thus : 



HYMENOPTERA. Aculeata. One Apiid, Calcutta, 20- 

 x-01 LEPTDOPTERA. Rhopalceka. Papilio spp. Calcutta, 

 20-x-Ol. Pierid. Calcutta, 29-x-Ol, Terias sp. Pursua Nepal 

 terai, 26xi-07; an undetermined species, Natran, Northern 

 Arakan, 7-i-07. Heteroceea. Theckla sp. Calcutta, 26-X-07, 

 Sphingid, Natran, 7-i-07. 



To the flowers of Malachra capitata, Linn. Xylocopa 

 ? latipes has been seen visiting, but not persistently, as well as 

 black ants (Calcutta, 27-x-Ol). The staminal column is 

 usually bent somewhat to one side of the flower. 



Unspecialised flowers. 

 I arrange the following observations by the systematic 

 position of plants. 



Argemone mexicana, Linn. Not a single visitor has been 



l I am much indebted to Mr. H. G. Carter, my successor in Calcutta, 



for this determination. 



