

SA eters = 
17, Notes on Indian Mathematics. No. 2,—Aryabhata. | 
By G. R. Kays, Bureau of Education, Simla. 
I. 
In works on Indian astronomy references to the famous 
Aryabhata abound, and, from the time of Varaha Mihira to the 
present day, we find numerous quotations from him. Unfortunate- 
ly, a great many of these quotations are second hand ; for it ap- 
pears thatthe original works were practically lost for centuries. 
At the beginning of the eleventh century Albiruni wrote (India 
L, 370): ‘Ihave not been able to find anything of the books 
of Arybhata. All1 know of him I know through the quotations 
of ten Aryas or strophes ; about the latter there has been some 
dispute, Lassen and Colebrooke interpreted it as meaning ‘eight 
hundred couplets,’ but Dr. Bhau Daji pointed out that the correct 
meaning is ‘a treatise_of 108 couplets.’ In the time of Cole- 
brooke and Lassen the ArydstaSata had not been rediscovered. Bhaéu 
Daji was able to procure three copies of the Dagagitikd and of the 
ce, and in each case the former consisted of thirteen and 
a 
ry 
the latter of 108 couplets. Kern’s edition is of precisely the same 
tables ; (71) the Ganita consisting of 33 couplets. This 1s the 
ematical section proper, a translation of which is given below ; 
(i) The Kalakriya, which deals with the measure of time ; and 
(iv) the Gola, or Sphere. The last three’ sections make up the 
Aryastasata, or work of 108 couplets, while the first part is known 
as the Dasagitika. 
