160 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [April, 1908. 
oan to the sound of the drum. Next, when the hawk is cast 
, the drum shonld be beaten more or less according to the powers 
of flight of the hawk ; for it is probable that the duck will rise too 
high tan a new hawk % reach them. The dram should be beaten 
only so much that the duck may delay ge GaN te allow the 
new hawk to reach them, and may not make off at once. 
“If the hawk is trained to take quarry right aw Pa in the air! 
and is a high flier, the falconer should not be hasty i in beating the 
drum. He should let his k go before the ducks rise from the water 
and then, when it has reached “half-way to where the ducks are, he 
should begin beating the drum; for the hawk will, in this case, 
certainly fly low, and for a hawk that naturally flies low the drum 
should be beaten with regard to the extent of the water, the 
species of water-fowl and their wildness or tameness, and the high 
or low condition of the hawk. If the water-fowl have been scared 

taken to let the water- fowl irae: take the air, then to cast off the 
bawk, and next to beat the drum; for should the hawk be cast off 
while. the ducks are in the water, they will rise on seeing the 
hawk, and make off elsewhere: the nena the drum in any 
manner you choose—it will be of n 
“Tt is generally laid down that the drum should not be beaten 
quickly, but this rule has excep Geet, for whether the drum is to 
be beaten quick or slow depends on the experience of the falconer ; 
in cases of necessity there is pri for it bat to beat very 
quickly. In other cases, when the ducks are tame and unscared, 
the drum should be beaten according to custom, with distinct and 
slow taps. The reason is this, that when the drum is beaten 
in this fashion, the ducks will not rise to an unusual height. 
Further, when the ducks hear ae area of the drum repeatedly in 
one minute, they become assured of danger and wait for no more. 
Also there is, in Hindustan, a species of duck found during the 
rains with the neck ai like that of the common crane?; this 
duck never waits for a second beat of the drum ; at the first sound 
it rises to a height that completely baffles the hawk : for this 
species the drum must be beaten in the ordinary way without 
haste. However, for the Amla-bash,? the Ivka,* the Sona,’ the 

1 WSS gy wed, to train a hawk ‘to fly at bolt.’ 
2 Perhaps the author refers to the Pink-headed Duck (Anas Caryo- 
phyllacea), 
5 cal ale! ; possibly a copyist’s error for cal WoT. “the Teal.” 
4 6 ts in Turki 3S 3! or 4S} is the name of a species of duck. 
5 Bigec , possibly the mallard, called in Turki Ss yeh err Sun urdak. 
Some Punjabi falconers. call the aationt sohna (or sona’) murghabdi. 
22 
However, sohna in Punjabi means “‘ pretty. 
