192 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (April, 1908. 
a “i of fly-visitors. Hristalis ursinus was taken on Anaphalis 
“OF. flowers with short tubes or bells the species of Polygonum 
are most conspicuous. Pol m campanulatum is abundant 
e 
by S. ie aad the third an the — flowers of S. iemacekiia, 
The Swertias of the first type are wasp-flowers. Their flowers 
face obliquely downwards before fertilisation, and I saw those of 
hirata to be frequented for honey by a rather small orange 
and black Vespa, and by a large tawny and yellow wasp. 
pris anthers of S. Chirata and S, tonglwensis are distant from the 
_ stigm 
The stamens of §. dilatata form a cove round the ovary and 
the anthers touch in the centre of the flower, while the stigma 
gr up ough them. Self-pollination is rogiiboenes and most 
likely self-fertilisation e of S. dilatata 
e surfaces with little oe The acer of S. Chirata 
and S. tonylwensis have oe brow over them, and hol 
a considerable quantity of hon 
he flowers of S. peace face the sky vertically. The 
nectaries secrete very freely, and are exposed in the very middle of 
the petals. The anthers are inclined outwards and downwards at 
nectary to nectary. This species does not ascend beyond 8,000 feet. 
Its flowers stand open in the rain. The last flowers, especially on 
cut-down plants, are often small and female, the stamens having 
Sages disappeared. 
nium polyanthes lives on the pastures, note it has the 
imppattaet proterandry, typical of Geranium, Yo n the longer 
stamens first shed their pean, after which thei aithews drop off ; 
and then during the maturity of the antlives of the shorter 
stamens, the stizmas expand. Self-pollination is not, however, 
insured. Its flowers do not close when rain begin aa oust 
A Cerastium, which I have not yet been able o name,—my 
no, 27682,—has the same mechanism. Its latest an ide three 
or nostamens, The flowers nod and close when rain begi 
Saxifraga ihecavni fil behaves as a typical Bazifraga. The 
anthers are brought to the middle of the flower in succession ; and 
after they have dehisced, the stigma is raised to the position ‘that 
ot occupied. The buds are directed downwards. But the 
en flowers stare upwards in sunshine or rain. I have already 
cneuiaeaiodl that a Sphingid moth was twice seen on the flowers on 
Sandakphu; a few other visitors were seen 


! See this Journal, 1906, page 319; and 1907, page 33. 
