230 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [April, 1908. 
Euphorbia royleana, Boiss. Visitor. HYMENOPTERA. 
Formicidae. (1) A large black ant sh., 4,000 ft., 9-v-06. 
Sapium sebiferum, Rorvb. Visitors. HYMENOPTERA. 
Apis and wasps in great numbers to the glands on the pedicels of 
the flowers, 2,000 ft., 21-v-06. 
Salix elegans, Wall. ¢. Visitors. DIPTERA. Bibioni- 
dae. (1) Dibophus sp., sh., 30-iv-07 and (2) one other fly, 
30-iv-07. Empidae. Onesp., l-iv-07. All at 8,000 ft 
Salix oxycarpa, Anderss. ¢. Visitors. HYMENOPTERA. 
(1) Apis indica, Fabr., sh. (2) Andrena floridula, Smith, in some 
numbers. DIPTERA. 8 yrphidae. (8) Syrphus ~ 
achinidae. (4) Echinomyiasp. Scatophagi 
(5) Scatophaga sp. All at 8,700 ft., 3-v-07. 
Gagea lutea, Schult. f. Visitors. HYMENOPTERA. 
Apidae. (1) peta sp., cp., 9,000 ft., 30-iv-07. 
THe INSECcTs. 
Hymenoprera. Two species of Xylocopa are recorded a 
as visiting the flowers of the Simla Hills: one is the familiar x. 
zstuans of the plains which was seen no higher than near ant i 
at 1,700 ft.: the other isa pees like X. ce, This second 
Xylocopa ascended to the hill top (6,000 ft.) at Kasauli, lickas 
farther back from the plains than Kasauli, though it was seen fre- 
quently at varying heights, it was never above 4, 500 ft.; it visited 
two honeyless flowers—Rosa moschata and Solanum xanthocat ‘pum 
and six different honied flowers,—Lathyrus odorata, @nothera rosea, 
Gerbera lanuginosa, oe argyracanthus, Adhatoda vasica and 
Caryopteris wallichian 
ombus hincstvi italia was seen to descend to Bilaspur (1,600 
ft.) where it visited Celsia coromandeliana, and to ascend to 7,000 
tt. Between these limits, but particularly about 4,000—6,000 ft., 
it is common, d a great-flower visitor especially to Punica 
Granatum which is wild on the hill sides, and to Rosa moschata, 
which can provide it with pollen only ; for honey it is often very 
constant on Labiates such as Roylea elegans and Scutellaria 
linearis ; but the latter it robs by biting the corrolla. I have al- 
ready mentioned the habitof the insect of apparently always et 
the left side of the corolla. Above the zone of Bombus heemorr 
dalis up to my highest limit Bombus twnicatus occurs plentifully ; it 
goes diligently to pendulous and horizontal flowers such as Loni- 
cera angustifolia and Viburnum fotens. 
ith it occurs Podalyrius quadrifasciatus. 
With the Xylocopas occurs Anthphora zonata. It was seen 
reach 4,500 ft., and to be a a visitor to the blue mune 
flowers of Trichodesma indicun 
Apis indica is ee whake from the plains up to my highest 
ety shat 

TE a creel 

