


Vol. IV, No. 5,] Notes on the Geography of Old Bengal. 271 
[N.S.] 
In his Records rear prii supplies us with a description 
= land and the people. The country 
was 4,000 li in circuit, and had a flourish- 
ing population. Tanks, seach and flowery groves alternated 
and there. The land was low and moist, and crops were 
abundant, The climate was genial. The people ee sacha learn- 
ing. The Digambara Nigranthas were very n aiaties the 
Deva temples were a hundred in number. Twenty Baddhistic 
monasteries existed with some 2,000 brethren of both the vehicles. 
Of these the most magnificent was a sangharama, 20 li to the west 
of the capital, with the name variously given as Po-shih-p‘o, Po- 
kth-p‘o or sa kih-sha (? Vasiva, an ien). 
Yuan-chwang, 
ri to cross a an river. ‘The en was ‘hits evidently 
the east by the Karatoya e large number of Jainas comes as 
a surprise, but is preity feiely ee oe by the references in the 
Kalpa-stitra and Asok-avadana. The Deva temples were mostly 
Saiva or Sakta. The Harivamsa and the Puranas located the 
oe of Bana the Saiva king towards this side ; and Kamaritpa, 
e great stronghold of Devi- worship, adjoined it.! 
In the epigraphical records Pundra (or Paundra®)-varddhana 
a bhakti or province. It was 
divided into v/sayas or districts, mandalas 
or sub-districts, and gramas or villages. In the plates of Pala 
and Sena kings the following names of its divisions appear 
In inscriptions. 
h: i cere emperor with Vyazhratati- mandala a; 
2. Sthalikkata-visaya with Amrasandika-mandala 
3. ong ga-visaya with mandalas Halavarta and Gokalika. 4 
Kotivarsa is to be identified with the Pargana a4 Oe kot, a 
town on ‘the left bank of the Punarbhava river, 18 miles S.-S. -W. 
of Dinajpur town, and named in the Tabakat-7 per as Diw-kot. 
The others cannot be located. According to an inscription, 
Paundra-varddhana-bhiikti included even Vatga with the bhaga 
Vikramapur.’ The Tarpana-dighi plate of Laksmanasenadeva 


‘2 me ane icogr: ariees egestas this view. — er 997, has— 
napada-karnayoh pur-Devikota uma: 
aytieae sam ‘Base aulees sud. habe Pte ee tat || 
Rerpetinnsdate s Tri- kanda-sesah similarly pare: (11, 197).— 
Dev ina-puram k 

Syae- -0 parma c=atha Ao marga- acc | 
2 Khalimpor es ate, Ep. Ind. 1V. 249, 1. 30; Anulia plate of Laksmana- 
wean J.A.8.B. 1900, p. 64, 1. 34-5 (Mandala alon e). 
Khalimpur pla 
2, 
: ; Gokalika in nee Dinaijpur plate of Mahipala, J.A:8.B. 1892, p. 
1. 30; Halavarta in the Manahali plate of Madanapiladeva, J.A.S.B, Pros 
p. 71, 1. 82; visaya: lone in the Ames aicchi plate, Ta Ant., XIV 265 1, 24. 
5 J.A.S.B., 1896, p. : 
