280 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [May, 1908. 
Dihli, towards Lakhanawati, and acquired possession of Bihar, and 
installed his own Amirs therein”! ; and this he did again in 622 H.., 
after forcing Ghiyds-ud-din to acknowledge his suzerain 
During the pre- Mughal rule, Gauda generally retained the 
most prominent position in Bengal, though the capital was 
<i ed from Lakhnauti to Pandua and Tanda. In Todarmal’s 
rent-roll Gauda tract was comprised in two sarkars, - 
the west the old Kosi and the hills of Sontal parganas, on the 
south North Murshidabad and North Birbhum, and on the north 
an ill-defined limit of Puraniya and Dinajpur districts, Debikot 
i i he Mu 
except for two short periods in which the capital was removed to 
Dacca, Gauda country still mets. a front place, either with Raj- 
mahal or Murshidabad as capita 
The name Pafca-Gauda first appears in Kalhana’s ple 
_ tarangin?, completed in about ae 
Pafica-Gaudas. The Kasmir Ling! Jayapida, sind 
subdued the Ae of Pafica-Gaudas, made his fehoesclaw their 
overlo were the five Gaudas ! ? A few verses above 
ae 421), his Eten inlaw. Jayanta, is described as chief of 
Paundra-varddhana under the shstiae of the Gauda king. 
Paundra-varddhana was one, besides Gauda roper. The three 
others would probably be Radha, Magadha, and Tirabhukti, the 
tione hga is ge nerally Bee ec separate from Gauda, and 
was probably not included in the five-divisioned Ganda. In some 
modern verses the northern Rrsbriaha are called Paiica- Gaudiya, 
ie., Kanyakubja, Sarasvata, Gauda, Maithila, Utkala; Ganda thus 
th I 
meaning n early the whole of North In ia, a meaning the basis of 
which I have not yet been able to trace. aa auda is several 
times used in vernacular literature, e.g., in Vidyapati’s songs, 
Krttivasa’s Ramayana, bet Bharata of Ravine Paramesvara, 
and Madhavacarya’s Can 
The capital of ee oe not been named or described in any 
Capital re-Mussalman works. If Ganda be 
— Faoatical with Karna-suvarna, as is 

1 Tab. Nas., pp. 590-1, 594, 
2 Ain-i Akbari, Jarrett, II, 129-132; Beames, J.R.A.S., 1896, pp. 92-6, 
110-115. 
3 Raj-tar. IV, 468 
Vyadhad- Decks samagrim tatra saktim prakasaya 
Pafica-Gauda-adhipai =jitva svasuram tad- eaNideertel 1 468 || 
wed there his valour by defeating, even without preparation, a 
‘hie Cuda michel and by making his father-in-law their sovereign.” —Ste 
I, 
63. 
4 DineSacandra Sen, Banga-bhasad o Sahitya, pp. 104, 112, 139, 391. 

