282 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [May, 1908. 
bana oe silt deposit of the Ganges with its branches and 
tributa: 
The old Laksmanavati, Lakhanawati of Tabakat-< Nasiri and 
Liciowtct of later usealin man writers, apparently lay in old days 
the hanese The payiks ot Jajnagar in 642 H. appeared before 
Lakhanawati; but no crosing of any river is mentioned, omega 
they came from south-west, and Lakhanawati was on t the of a 
river (ab-i-Lakhanawati ). 3 amavati, of Pala time, wise 4 
identifiable with Ramauti, a mahal and a circle of sarkar inkhnatti 
parently, therefore, t anges flowed northwards through the 
modern Ka4lindi and then southwards into the lower course of t 
Mahananda, east of Gauda ruins. On this supposition the selec- 
tion of Laksmanavati for headquarters would be justified as hold- 
ing the key to the entrance into Ben ngal. 
akhnauti continued to be the capital of Bengal governors, 
although Bang and Radha were —— ually added by conquest. 
When in the time of the Delhi empero: Sutianse d Shah Tughlaq 
Bengal was divided into three elias sac Lakhnauti became 
ce capital of the northern division, as Sunarga&on of the eastern 
and Satgaon of the south-western. 
At length, probably forced by a change in the river course, the 
capital was removed to Pandua in the time of Shams-ud-din Ilyas 
“the new names which he” [Sultan Firuz Shah] “gave to 
Ikdala and Pandwah were made permanent and were entered in 
the Government records as ‘ Azad-pur, otherwise Ikdala,’ and 
‘ Firozabad, otherwise Pandwah.’” > But be fore Firuz ‘Shah's first 
of Gaur on the left bank, in fact near the site which Pandua would 
have occupied, had it been shown in the map. Was it then another 
name for Pandua, as meaning the ‘new 
Firozabad continued to be the pre for a century and half, 
but from inscriptions Lakhnauti does not appear to have been 

1 Travels of Ludovico di Varthema, Haklayt Society, 1863, — bs cx 
The book being out of print, a tracing of the map is annexed. At t apr 
: , 30. 
* J.R.A.S. II, 206. Fora coin dated 742 H., with mint Firozabad, 
val governor, "Ala-nd- ae *Ali Shah, “nee “4 x AS. II, 202, and mone 
of the Pathan Kings, p. 265, No. 221, pl. vi 
5 Sir H. Elliot, ikea tudes History of adda, ITT, 298. 

