1918.] The Tativa-cintamani. 285 
actual experience when he approaches the piece of silver. Our 
consciousness of the validity of a particular knowledge arises 
therefore from our consciousness of the fruitful correspondence 
or harmony between the particular knowledge (idea) and the 
activity which it leads to. 
Bayar wtta: | 
Invalid Knowledge. 
\ 
Gangesa says that invalid knowledge or error, in Sanskrit 
edad: Ghvainabhysit aprama, anyathak. yatr or bhrama, is 
bhrama, or esVatid stoi the knowledge (experience) of a thing 
ledge. as it is not — it is the knowledge 
(experience) of a generic nature which 
does not abide in its own subject but which abides in the sub- 
ject of another generic nature. For instance, to know a pearl 
to be a piece of silver is invalid knowledge inasmuch as the 
generic nature “‘silverness’’ does not abide here in the piece of 
silver which is its own subject, but abides in a pearl which is 
the subject of another generic nature, viz. pearlness. 
The Mimamsakas (Prabhakaras) do not admit invalid know- 
edge or error. All knowledge, accord- 
ing to them, is valid, and as such 
prompts us to activity. In the case of 
4 person who takes a pearl to be a piece of silver by saying 
this is silver,” we should bear in mind that he acquires the 
Knowledge of “this” (pearl) through perception and that of 
- Silver ” through recollection. But he, owing to some defect, 
How is activity, pravriti, 
caused ? 
mamsakas, grounds for activity, counter-activity and non- 
activity. The knowledge of ‘silver,’ for which the person is 
f « ss im an activity while the knowledge 
of this (pearl), for which he is not solicitous, must cause in 
counter-activity, but leaves him in non-activit The non-con- 
istinction is 
vity. 
F ccording to Gangesa, when a person takes a pearl to be a 
aa of silver by saying “ this is silver,” he acquires the know- 
‘ Se of both “this” (pearl) and “silver”? by means of per- 
*ption (the first through the ordinary intercourse between the 
nSe-organ and its object, and the second through the trans- 
