314 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [NS., XIV, 
fanaaq | 
Conclusion. 
Conclusion (nigamana) is a sentence which, while causing 
knowledge which gives rise to consideration, produces er 
of the major term as indicated by that of the middle term 
through its invariable concomitance ab the’ akon term and 
its nature of abiding in the minor term, e.g. 
[In this hill there is smoke which i is in invite conco 
tance with fire.]| Therefore in this hill there is fire, or thera 
this hill is fiery. 
SaTHTaE | 
Fallacies. 
sara aay frafai | 
A General Definition of Fallacy. 
A person can ascertain truths and achieve victory by 
exposing fallacies in the argument of his opponent. It i 
therefore necessary to define a fallacy which in Sanskrit is called 
hetvabhisa, a semblance of reason, a fallacy of reason or 4 
fallacious reason. 
unproved or inconclusive (asiddha), and (5) the ita), 
(badhita). The defects involved in the above reasons are 
respectively the following :—(1) the erraticalness or uncertainty 
(vyabhicara), (2) gore cients (virodha), (3) counterbalance 
(satpratipaksa) , (4) abse of proof or inconclusiveness 
(asiddhi), and (5) incompatibility (badha). 
aagtuare: | 
The Erratic Reason. 
The ERRATIC mi es epee is a reason or middle cs tha 
which abides a character the possession of which causes : 
(1) that which is too general (sadharana), (2) that which is 0 
general or not general enough (asidharana), and (3) that w 
1S non-exclusive (anupasamhart ri). 
sab 
i 
