1918.] The Tattva-cintamani. 315 
A reason is said to be too general if it abides in ae locus 
of the major term as well as in that of its absence, e 
This hill is smoky, 
passetehy it is fiery. 
Here the reason ‘‘ fire’’ abides in the region of smoke (as 
in a kitchen) as well as in the region of the absence of smoke 
(as in an ignited iron-ball). 
A reason is said to be non-general or not general enough 
if it abides neither in the locus of the major term nor in that 
of its absence, e.g. 
This hill is full of fire, 
because it is full of ether. 
__Here the reason is ether which has no locus. Ether 
abides neither in the locus of fire nor in that of the absence 
of fire. 
A reason is said to be non- Sie aa if it is destitute of an 
example, affirmative or negative, 
All things are samebiemancat, 
because they are knowable. 
ject a we cannoticite any example as “all things” is the 
su 
faaz: | 
The Contradictory Reason. 
he contradictory (viruddha) is a reason which is the 
counterpart of that non-existence which constantly accom- 
panies the major term, e.g. 
This hill is full of fire, 
because it is full of water. 
Here the reason is contradictory inasmuch as water is the 
counterpart of the non-existence of water, which constantly 
accompanies fire. 
The contradictory may also be defined as a _ reason 
(middle term) which is constantly accompanied by the absence 
of the probandum (major term) ]. 
aqutaufaa: | 
The Counterbalanced Reason. 
to If, at the time of the consideration of a reason which seeks 
establish the existence of the probandum or major term, there 
okie: cease of another reason which seeks to 
c ana © non-existence of that term, the first reason is a 
Selene avd one, nay both the reasons are counter- 
